Telmo Pereira , Luiz Oosterbeek , David Pleurdeau , Abdoulaye Camara , Hamady Bocoum , Djibril Thiam , Raphael A. Alabi , Lassina Kote , Lassane Toubga , Maria Helena Benjamim , Alma Nankela , Daniela de Matos
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The many sites known, documented and studied contribute in an increasingly way to the global understanding of the human emergence, including evidence of human evolutionary and technological advances, specific adaptations to diverse environments, the diffusion of <em>Homo</em><span> species and how humans interacted with each other from the “Early Stone Age (ESA)” through to the Middle Stone Age (MSA) from northern and southern Africa to the West. The differences of knowledge between the Atlantic coast in regard to other regions might be attributed to a number of reasons including but not limited to the history of scientific interest, site formation processes or economic, institutional and political constraints. However, the region received a renewed attention and funds that, combined with new methods and techniques, has been allowing an increased training of new researchers and the acquisition of high-resolution archaeological, paleoenvironmental and chronological data. Together, these inputs will reduce the differences of knowledge between the Atlantic coast and the Northern, Southern and Eastern Africa regions. The African Atlantic Coast represents more than 40% of the continent's perimeter, covering all Africa's climate zones, the hot arid environments, mountainous regions, and tropical rainforest could become relevant barriers for human mobility, but the shallow continental platform, and the great number of river basins allowed mobility between north and south coastal biomes into the continental interiors. These may have provided predictable patchy clusters of resources allowing human populations to thrive, enabling greater mobility and consequent diffusion of cultural traits, resources, and DNA. 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引用次数: 1
摘要
与非洲大陆的其他地区相比,人们对非洲大西洋沿岸早期智人种群的证据仍然知之甚少。不过,整个非洲大陆的现有数据为当前和未来的研究调查提供了一个良好的起点。已知、记录和研究的许多遗址越来越有助于全球了解人类的出现,包括人类进化和技术进步的证据、对不同环境的具体适应、智人物种的扩散以及从 "早期石器时代(ESA)"到中石器时代(MSA)人类如何从非洲北部和南部到西部相互影响。大西洋沿岸地区与其他地区在知识上的差异可归因于多种原因,包括但不限于科学兴趣的历史、遗址形成过程或经济、制度和政治限制。然而,该地区重新得到了关注和资金,再加上新的方法和技术,使得新的研究人员得到了更多的培训,并获得了高分辨率的考古、古环境和年代学数据。这些投入加在一起,将缩小大西洋沿岸与非洲北部、南部和东部地区之间的知识差异。非洲大西洋沿岸占非洲大陆周长的 40%以上,覆盖了非洲的所有气候带,炎热干旱的环境、山区和热带雨林可能成为人类活动的相关障碍,但浅层大陆平台和大量的河流盆地使南北沿海生物群落之间的活动得以进入大陆内部。这些可能提供了可预测的零星资源集群,使人类得以繁衍生息,从而提高了流动性,并随之实现了文化特征、资源和 DNA 的传播。在本文中,我们回顾了大西洋非洲的史前史、古环境和古人类学的可见性和潜力。
The Middle Stone Age of Atlantic Africa: A critical review
Evidence of early Homo sapiens populations at the Atlantic coast of Africa remains relatively poorly known in relation to other regions of the continent. Nevertheless, available data across the continent provides a good starting point for current and future research investigations. The many sites known, documented and studied contribute in an increasingly way to the global understanding of the human emergence, including evidence of human evolutionary and technological advances, specific adaptations to diverse environments, the diffusion of Homo species and how humans interacted with each other from the “Early Stone Age (ESA)” through to the Middle Stone Age (MSA) from northern and southern Africa to the West. The differences of knowledge between the Atlantic coast in regard to other regions might be attributed to a number of reasons including but not limited to the history of scientific interest, site formation processes or economic, institutional and political constraints. However, the region received a renewed attention and funds that, combined with new methods and techniques, has been allowing an increased training of new researchers and the acquisition of high-resolution archaeological, paleoenvironmental and chronological data. Together, these inputs will reduce the differences of knowledge between the Atlantic coast and the Northern, Southern and Eastern Africa regions. The African Atlantic Coast represents more than 40% of the continent's perimeter, covering all Africa's climate zones, the hot arid environments, mountainous regions, and tropical rainforest could become relevant barriers for human mobility, but the shallow continental platform, and the great number of river basins allowed mobility between north and south coastal biomes into the continental interiors. These may have provided predictable patchy clusters of resources allowing human populations to thrive, enabling greater mobility and consequent diffusion of cultural traits, resources, and DNA. In this paper we review the record about the prehistory, paleoenvironments and paleoanthropological visibility and potentiality of Atlantic Africa.
期刊介绍:
First published in 1890, Anthropologie remains one of the most important journals devoted to prehistoric sciences and paleoanthropology. It regularly publishes thematic issues, originalsarticles and book reviews.