Muhammad Noman Khan, Zain ul Abidin, Shamim Khan, Almas, Sonia Mustafa, Iftikhar Ahmad
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Birefringence of cellulose: review, measurement techniques, dispersion models, biomedical applications and future perspectives
Cellulose, the basic biopolymer of plants, has unique optical characteristics due to its inherent birefringence. In this review, we summarize reported birefringence values for cellulose from the literature and describe its measurement techniques, including ellipsometry, interferometry, spectrophotometry and photothermometry. We also discuss the main dispersion models that have been proposed to explain the wavelength dependence of cellulose birefringence. Furthermore, we outline the diverse applications of cellulose birefringence, with a particular focus on biomedicine. Finally, we discuss the future prospects for cellulose birefringence. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the basic research and practical application of cellulose birefringence and will stimulate new research and innovation in various fields.
期刊介绍：
Wood Science and Technology publishes original scientific research results and review papers covering the entire field of wood material science, wood components and wood based products. Subjects are wood biology and wood quality, wood physics and physical technologies, wood chemistry and chemical technologies. Latest advances in areas such as cell wall and wood formation; structural and chemical composition of wood and wood composites and their property relations; physical, mechanical and chemical characterization and relevant methodological developments, and microbiological degradation of wood and wood based products are reported. Topics related to wood technology include machining, gluing, and finishing, composite technology, wood modification, wood mechanics, creep and rheology, and the conversion of wood into pulp and biorefinery products.
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