Nour Khoudari, Rabie Ramadan, Megan Ross, Benjamin Seibold
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Macroscopic Manifestations of Traffic Waves in Microscopic Models
Traffic waves can rise even from single lane car-following behaviour. To
better understand and mitigate traffic waves, it is necessary to use analytical
tools like mathematical models, data analysis, and micro-simulations that can
capture the dynamics of real traffic flow. In this study, we isolate
car-following dynamics and present a systematic hierarchy of tests that connect
the microscopic scale with the meaningful macroscopic effective state in the
presence of waves. This allows insights with precise attributable
cause-to-effect relationships of specific observed traffic patterns. We
establish a principled way of generating macroscopic flow quantities from
microscopic models in the unstable regime. Those quantities are then used to
study how the corresponding non-equilibrium wave structures manifest in the
fundamental diagram, based on three basic scenarios that can serve as building
blocks for understanding more complex micro-simulation studies. Finally, this
study gives insight on the shapes of the reduced fundamental diagrams for
different commonly used microscopic models.