2D metallic vanadium dichalcogenides and related heterostructures

Two-dimensional (2D) metallic transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have garnered significant attention as promising candidates for various applications, including electronics, spintronics, and energy-related fields. Their appeal lies in their exceptional electronic conductivity, room-temperature ferromagnetism, charge density wave (CDW) phenomena, and catalytic properties, among other attributes. Among the diverse array of metallic TMDs, vanadium dichalcogenides (VX₂, X = S, Se, and Te) stand out due to their distinctive set of physical and chemical properties. These properties have positioned VX₂ materials at the forefront of both fundamental research and technological exploration in fields such as condensed matter physics, materials science, and device physics. In this comprehensive review, we present a thorough investigation of the recent advancements in 2D metallic VX₂ materials and related heterostructures in the aspects of their structures, fabrication methods, key properties, and potential applications. First, the electronic and crystal structures of 2D VX₂ are introduced. Second, the growth methods of VX₂ and their heterostructures are discussed. Then, the novel physical properties and potential applications of 2D VX₂ and its heterostructures are highlighted. Finally, we assess the current state of development in this growing field, acknowledging the obstacles ahead and the promising avenues for future research.