情绪性眼泪作为社会激励因素:何时以及如何流泪激发社会支持

IF 4.8 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL
Janis H. Zickfeld, Monika Wróbel
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引用次数: 0

摘要

情绪化的眼泪代表了一种基本的表达反应,很可能是人类独有的。研究人员一直在争论这一现象的具体功能,最近的观点表明,它主要是一种人际交流信号,激励观察者向哭泣的人提供帮助和社会支持。在这里,我们回顾了情感眼泪何时以及如何作为社会激励因素的证据。基于情绪作为社会信息(EASI)模型,我们研究了情绪表达、观察者的推断、观察者的情感反应和情境决定因素的重要性,并将它们整合起来,得出了一个解释情绪性眼泪人际功能的模型。总的来说,大多数证据都支持这样一种观点,即在完全相同的情况下,与没有流泪的人相比,流泪的人被认为不那么具有主观能动性,更具有群体性,并且会引起旁观者的同情,而这种同情反过来又与更高的支持意愿有关。这些关系很可能受到表达的感知适当性的调节,而表达的感知适当性是由表达、表达者、观察者和情境的特征决定的。我们的研究发现了一些差距,表明不同变量之间的具体关系尚未确定,方法应侧重于更生态有效的设计和行为措施。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Emotional tears as social motivators: When and how tearing up motivates social support
Emotional tears represent a basic expressive response that is most likely unique to humans. Researchers have debated the specific function of this phenomenon, with recent propositions suggesting that it mainly works as an interpersonal communicative signal motivating observers to provide help and social support to the tearful person. Here, we review evidence when and how emotional tears can act as a social motivator. Based on the emotions as social information (EASI) model, we investigate the importance of emotional expression, observer's inferences, observer's affective reactions, and situational determinants and integrate them to derive a model explaining the interpersonal functions of emotional tears. Overall, most evidence supports the idea that people tearing up, compared to people not tearing up in the exact same situation, are evaluated as less agentic, more communal, and elicit feelings of compassion in observers, which in turn is associated with higher support intentions. These relations are likely moderated by the perceived appropriateness of the expression, which is determined by the characteristics of the expression, the expresser, the observer, and the situation. Our review identifies several gaps, suggesting that the specific relations among the different variables are yet to be determined and methods should focus on more ecologically valid designs and behavioral measures.
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来源期刊
Social and Personality Psychology Compass
Social and Personality Psychology Compass Psychology-Social Psychology
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
2.20%
发文量
59
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