人才从职业教育流向高中阶段的学术教育?瑞士的实证分析

IF 1.6 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
Katharina Jaik
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引用次数: 2

摘要

尽管学术和职业高中教育在多大程度上对一个国家有利,以及这两种教育在各国之间存在巨大差异的争论正在进行,但职业和学术教育在高中水平上的相互作用及其对整个教育系统的影响仍未得到充分研究。虽然很难直接分析,但我们首先构建了一个度量来捕捉公司对学历教育率变化的反应,然后分析学历教育率是否与职业教育的成功率随时间和控制变量相关。为了衡量公司的反应,我们使用了一个州的平均要求概况,包括职业的学术要求概况和每年在该职业和州开始的学徒数量。虽然第一部分的分析结果是模糊的,但结合第二部分,它们表明公司没有反应(即他们不断提供相同的职位,但不得不用能力较低的候选人填补他们的职位)。第二部分的结果表明,更多的学术教育机会似乎吸引了高素质的学生远离职业教育,对职业教育的成功率产生了负面影响。我们的研究结果不仅对那些在教育体系中有职业和学术双轨的国家具有重要意义,而且对那些计划引入或加强(双重)职业教育的国家也具有重要意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Brain drain from vocational to academic education at upper-secondary level? An empirical analysis for Switzerland

Despite the ongoing debate about how much academic versus vocational upper-secondary education is favorable for a country and large differences across countries of those two types of education exist, the interplay of vocational and academic education on upper-secondary level and its consequences for the entire education system remain under-researched. Although difficult to analyze directly, we first construct a measure to capture companies’ reactions to changes in academic education rates and second analyze whether academic education rates are associated with success rates in vocational education over time and with control variables. To measure companies’ reactions, we use a cantonal average requirements profile consisting of the academic requirements profile of an occupation and the number of apprenticeships started in this occupation per year and canton. Although results of the first part of the analysis are ambiguous, combined with the second part, they suggest a non-reaction of companies (i.e., they keep offering the same occupations but have to fill their positions with lower-ability candidates). Results of the second part show that more opportunities for academic education appear to draw highly-able students away from vocational education, with negative consequences for the success rates in vocational education. Our findings have important implications for countries with vocational and academic tracks in their education systems, but also for those who plan to introduce or strengthen (dual) vocational education.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.40
自引率
7.70%
发文量
9
审稿时长
13 weeks
期刊介绍: The main focus of this journal is to provide a platform for original empirical investigations in the field of professional, vocational and technical education, comparing the effectiveness, efficiency and equity of different vocational education systems at the school, company and systemic level. The journal fills a gap in the existing literature focusing on empirically-oriented academic research and stimulating the interest in strengthening the vocational part of the educational system, both at the basic and higher education level.
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