{"title":"棕色、白色和米色脂肪组织分泌功能的最新进展:走向治疗应用。","authors":"Zeinab Ghesmati, Mohsen Rashid, Shabnam Fayezi, Frank Gieseler, Effat Alizadeh, Masoud Darabi","doi":"10.1007/s11154-023-09850-0","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adipose tissue, including white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and beige adipose tissue, is vital in modulating whole-body energy metabolism. While WAT primarily stores energy, BAT dissipates energy as heat for thermoregulation. Beige adipose tissue is a hybrid form of adipose tissue that shares characteristics with WAT and BAT. Dysregulation of adipose tissue metabolism is linked to various disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and infertility. Both brown and beige adipocytes secrete multiple molecules, such as batokines, packaged in extracellular vesicles or as soluble signaling molecules that play autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine roles. A greater understanding of the adipocyte secretome is essential for identifying novel molecular targets in treating metabolic disorders. Additionally, microRNAs show crucial roles in regulating adipose tissue differentiation and function, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for metabolic disorders. The browning of WAT has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach in treating obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Many browning agents have been identified, and nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have been developed to enhance their efficacy. This review scrutinizes the characteristics of and differences between white, brown, and beige adipose tissues, the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of the adipocytes, the significant roles of batokines, and regulatory microRNAs active in different adipose tissues. Finally, the potential of WAT browning in treating obesity and atherosclerosis, the relationship of BAT with cancer and fertility disorders, and the crosstalk between adipose tissue with circadian system and circadian disorders are also investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":21106,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10942928/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"An update on the secretory functions of brown, white, and beige adipose tissue: Towards therapeutic applications.\",\"authors\":\"Zeinab Ghesmati, Mohsen Rashid, Shabnam Fayezi, Frank Gieseler, Effat Alizadeh, Masoud Darabi\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s11154-023-09850-0\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Adipose tissue, including white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and beige adipose tissue, is vital in modulating whole-body energy metabolism. 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Many browning agents have been identified, and nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have been developed to enhance their efficacy. This review scrutinizes the characteristics of and differences between white, brown, and beige adipose tissues, the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of the adipocytes, the significant roles of batokines, and regulatory microRNAs active in different adipose tissues. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
脂肪组织,包括白色脂肪组织(WAT)、棕色脂肪组织(BAT)和米色脂肪组织,对调节全身能量代谢至关重要。白色脂肪组织主要储存能量,而棕色脂肪组织则将能量转化为热量用于体温调节。米色脂肪组织是一种混合形式的脂肪组织,与 WAT 和 BAT 具有相同的特征。脂肪组织代谢失调与多种疾病有关,包括肥胖、2 型糖尿病、心血管疾病、癌症和不孕症。棕色和米色脂肪细胞都会分泌多种分子,如蝙蝠素,这些分子包装在细胞外囊泡中或作为可溶性信号分子,发挥自分泌、旁分泌和内分泌作用。进一步了解脂肪细胞分泌组对于确定治疗代谢紊乱的新分子靶点至关重要。此外,microRNAs 在调节脂肪组织分化和功能方面显示出至关重要的作用,突显了其作为代谢紊乱生物标志物的潜力。WAT褐变已成为治疗肥胖和相关代谢紊乱的一种很有前景的治疗方法。目前已确定了许多褐变剂,并开发了基于纳米技术的给药系统以提高其疗效。这篇综述仔细研究了白色、棕色和米色脂肪组织的特点和差异、脂肪细胞发育的分子机制、蝙蝠素的重要作用以及活跃于不同脂肪组织的调控微核糖核酸。最后,还研究了 WAT 褐化在治疗肥胖和动脉粥样硬化方面的潜力、BAT 与癌症和生育障碍的关系,以及脂肪组织与昼夜节律系统和昼夜节律紊乱之间的相互关系。
An update on the secretory functions of brown, white, and beige adipose tissue: Towards therapeutic applications.
Adipose tissue, including white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and beige adipose tissue, is vital in modulating whole-body energy metabolism. While WAT primarily stores energy, BAT dissipates energy as heat for thermoregulation. Beige adipose tissue is a hybrid form of adipose tissue that shares characteristics with WAT and BAT. Dysregulation of adipose tissue metabolism is linked to various disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and infertility. Both brown and beige adipocytes secrete multiple molecules, such as batokines, packaged in extracellular vesicles or as soluble signaling molecules that play autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine roles. A greater understanding of the adipocyte secretome is essential for identifying novel molecular targets in treating metabolic disorders. Additionally, microRNAs show crucial roles in regulating adipose tissue differentiation and function, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for metabolic disorders. The browning of WAT has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach in treating obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Many browning agents have been identified, and nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have been developed to enhance their efficacy. This review scrutinizes the characteristics of and differences between white, brown, and beige adipose tissues, the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of the adipocytes, the significant roles of batokines, and regulatory microRNAs active in different adipose tissues. Finally, the potential of WAT browning in treating obesity and atherosclerosis, the relationship of BAT with cancer and fertility disorders, and the crosstalk between adipose tissue with circadian system and circadian disorders are also investigated.
期刊介绍:
Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders is an international journal dedicated to the field of endocrinology and metabolism. It aims to provide the latest advancements in this rapidly advancing field to students, clinicians, and researchers. Unlike other journals, each quarterly issue of this review journal focuses on a specific topic and features ten to twelve articles written by world leaders in the field. These articles provide brief overviews of the latest developments, offering insights into both the basic aspects of the disease and its clinical implications. This format allows individuals in all areas of the field, including students, academic clinicians, and practicing clinicians, to understand the disease process and apply their knowledge to their specific areas of interest. The journal also includes selected readings and other essential references to encourage further in-depth exploration of specific topics.