{"title":"调节、双眼聚光和瞳孔大小的日变化。","authors":"Beatríz Redondo, María Serramito, Jesús Vera, Marina Alguacil-Espejo, Mercedes Rubio-Martínez, Rubén Molina, Raimundo Jiménez","doi":"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002091","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Our results show significant diurnal variations in accommodative function and the magnitude of the phoria. Therefore, when comparing visual measures in clinical or laboratory settings, performing the visual examination at the same time of day (±1 hour) is encouraged.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the accommodation, binocular vergence, and pupil behavior on three different times during the day.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty collegiate students (22.8 ± 2.1 years) participated in this study. Participants visited the laboratory on three different days at 2-hourly intervals (morning, 9:00 to 11:00 am ; afternoon, 2:00 to 4:00 pm ; evening, 7:00 to 9:00 pm ). The binocular vergence and accommodative function were measured using clinical optometric procedures, and the accommodative response and pupil function were evaluated in binocular conditions using the WAM-5500 autorefractometer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The accommodative amplitude for the right and left eyes showed statistically significant differences for the time interval ( P = .001 and P = .02, respectively), revealing higher accommodative amplitude in the morning and afternoon in comparison with the evening. Participants were more esophoric when assessed in the morning in comparison with the evening at far and near ( P = .02 and P = .01, respectively) and when assessed in the afternoon in comparison with the evening at far distance ( P = .02). The magnitude of accommodative response was higher in the morning, and it decreased throughout the day at 500 ( P < .001), 40 ( P = .05), and 20 cm ( P < .001). No statistically significant differences were obtained for any other variable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study shows small diurnal variations in some accommodative and binocular vergence parameters, but no effects were observed for the pupil response. These outcomes are of special relevance for eye care specialists when performing repeated accommodative or binocular vergence measures. However, the diurnal variations were modest and may not influence a routine orthoptic examination.</p>","PeriodicalId":19649,"journal":{"name":"Optometry and Vision Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Diurnal Variation in Accommodation, Binocular Vergence, and Pupil Size.\",\"authors\":\"Beatríz Redondo, María Serramito, Jesús Vera, Marina Alguacil-Espejo, Mercedes Rubio-Martínez, Rubén Molina, Raimundo Jiménez\",\"doi\":\"10.1097/OPX.0000000000002091\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Our results show significant diurnal variations in accommodative function and the magnitude of the phoria. Therefore, when comparing visual measures in clinical or laboratory settings, performing the visual examination at the same time of day (±1 hour) is encouraged.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the accommodation, binocular vergence, and pupil behavior on three different times during the day.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty collegiate students (22.8 ± 2.1 years) participated in this study. Participants visited the laboratory on three different days at 2-hourly intervals (morning, 9:00 to 11:00 am ; afternoon, 2:00 to 4:00 pm ; evening, 7:00 to 9:00 pm ). The binocular vergence and accommodative function were measured using clinical optometric procedures, and the accommodative response and pupil function were evaluated in binocular conditions using the WAM-5500 autorefractometer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The accommodative amplitude for the right and left eyes showed statistically significant differences for the time interval ( P = .001 and P = .02, respectively), revealing higher accommodative amplitude in the morning and afternoon in comparison with the evening. Participants were more esophoric when assessed in the morning in comparison with the evening at far and near ( P = .02 and P = .01, respectively) and when assessed in the afternoon in comparison with the evening at far distance ( P = .02). The magnitude of accommodative response was higher in the morning, and it decreased throughout the day at 500 ( P < .001), 40 ( P = .05), and 20 cm ( P < .001). No statistically significant differences were obtained for any other variable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study shows small diurnal variations in some accommodative and binocular vergence parameters, but no effects were observed for the pupil response. These outcomes are of special relevance for eye care specialists when performing repeated accommodative or binocular vergence measures. However, the diurnal variations were modest and may not influence a routine orthoptic examination.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":19649,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Optometry and Vision Science\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-12-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Optometry and Vision Science\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000002091\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2023/11/27 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"OPHTHALMOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Optometry and Vision Science","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000002091","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2023/11/27 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"OPHTHALMOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
意义:我们的结果显示调节功能和斜视的大小有显著的日变化。因此,当在临床或实验室环境中比较视觉测量时,建议在一天中的同一时间(±1小时)进行视觉检查。目的:本研究的目的是评估在一天中三个不同时间的调节、双眼散度和瞳孔行为。方法:20名大学生(22.8±2.1岁)参加本研究。参与者在三个不同的日子每隔两小时访问一次实验室(上午:9:00-11:00;下午:下午2时至4时;晚上:7:00 - 9:00)。采用临床验光程序测量双眼会聚和调节功能,使用WAM-5500自动折射仪评估双眼条件下的调节反应和瞳孔功能。结果:右眼和左眼的调节幅度在时间间隔上有统计学差异(P = .001;P = .02),表明上午和下午的调节幅度高于晚上。参与者在上午接受评估时比在远处和近处接受评估时更焦虑(P = 0.02, P = 0.01),在下午接受评估时比在远处接受评估时更焦虑(P = 0.02)。调节反应的强度在早晨较高,在500 cm (P < 0.001)、40 cm (P = 0.05)和20 cm (P < 0.001)时逐渐降低。其他变量均无统计学显著差异。结论:本研究显示一些调节和双眼聚光参数的日变化较小,但未观察到瞳孔反应的影响。这些结果与眼科保健专家在进行重复调节或双眼会聚测量时特别相关。然而,日变化不大,可能不会影响常规的正视检查。
Diurnal Variation in Accommodation, Binocular Vergence, and Pupil Size.
Significance: Our results show significant diurnal variations in accommodative function and the magnitude of the phoria. Therefore, when comparing visual measures in clinical or laboratory settings, performing the visual examination at the same time of day (±1 hour) is encouraged.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accommodation, binocular vergence, and pupil behavior on three different times during the day.
Methods: Twenty collegiate students (22.8 ± 2.1 years) participated in this study. Participants visited the laboratory on three different days at 2-hourly intervals (morning, 9:00 to 11:00 am ; afternoon, 2:00 to 4:00 pm ; evening, 7:00 to 9:00 pm ). The binocular vergence and accommodative function were measured using clinical optometric procedures, and the accommodative response and pupil function were evaluated in binocular conditions using the WAM-5500 autorefractometer.
Results: The accommodative amplitude for the right and left eyes showed statistically significant differences for the time interval ( P = .001 and P = .02, respectively), revealing higher accommodative amplitude in the morning and afternoon in comparison with the evening. Participants were more esophoric when assessed in the morning in comparison with the evening at far and near ( P = .02 and P = .01, respectively) and when assessed in the afternoon in comparison with the evening at far distance ( P = .02). The magnitude of accommodative response was higher in the morning, and it decreased throughout the day at 500 ( P < .001), 40 ( P = .05), and 20 cm ( P < .001). No statistically significant differences were obtained for any other variable.
Conclusions: This study shows small diurnal variations in some accommodative and binocular vergence parameters, but no effects were observed for the pupil response. These outcomes are of special relevance for eye care specialists when performing repeated accommodative or binocular vergence measures. However, the diurnal variations were modest and may not influence a routine orthoptic examination.
期刊介绍:
Optometry and Vision Science is the monthly peer-reviewed scientific publication of the American Academy of Optometry, publishing original research since 1924. Optometry and Vision Science is an internationally recognized source for education and information on current discoveries in optometry, physiological optics, vision science, and related fields. The journal considers original contributions that advance clinical practice, vision science, and public health. Authors should remember that the journal reaches readers worldwide and their submissions should be relevant and of interest to a broad audience. Topical priorities include, but are not limited to: clinical and laboratory research, evidence-based reviews, contact lenses, ocular growth and refractive error development, eye movements, visual function and perception, biology of the eye and ocular disease, epidemiology and public health, biomedical optics and instrumentation, novel and important clinical observations and treatments, and optometric education.