{"title":"有两种完全相同的肤色吗?阿巴诺的彼得和Forlì的雅格布谈阿维森纳的禁令","authors":"Gabriella Zuccolin","doi":"10.1163/15733823-20230078","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Avicenna, in Book <jats:sc>I</jats:sc> of the <jats:italic>Canon</jats:italic>, within the context of his general doctrine of complexion, presents the eight modes of equality (<jats:italic>modi aequalitatis</jats:italic>) that concern specific or individual complexions. There he states quite clearly that each individual within the human species possesses a complexion that belongs to that individual exclusively, and with which it is impossible to associate another individual. In this contribution, after a brief survey of some features of the discussions around the individuality and unrepeatability of complexions in the physiognomic tradition (with particular reference to twins), I will consider two different takes on this Avicennian interdict: the first, which echoes the Persian philosopher and physician, is proposed by Peter of Abano in his <jats:italic>Conciliator</jats:italic>; the other is by Jacopo of Forlì, who, in his <jats:italic>Questiones super primam et secundam fen primi Canonis Avicenne</jats:italic>, seems to cautiously distance himself from Avicenna’s authority. The contrast between these two medieval responses allows us to grasp the importance of complexion as a theoretical tool for explaining differences between individuals of the same species – differences which are not merely random or accidental, nor strictly formal.","PeriodicalId":49081,"journal":{"name":"Early Science and Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5000,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Can There Be Two Perfectly Identical Complexions? Peter of Abano and Jacopo of Forlì on Avicenna’s Interdict\",\"authors\":\"Gabriella Zuccolin\",\"doi\":\"10.1163/15733823-20230078\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Avicenna, in Book <jats:sc>I</jats:sc> of the <jats:italic>Canon</jats:italic>, within the context of his general doctrine of complexion, presents the eight modes of equality (<jats:italic>modi aequalitatis</jats:italic>) that concern specific or individual complexions. There he states quite clearly that each individual within the human species possesses a complexion that belongs to that individual exclusively, and with which it is impossible to associate another individual. In this contribution, after a brief survey of some features of the discussions around the individuality and unrepeatability of complexions in the physiognomic tradition (with particular reference to twins), I will consider two different takes on this Avicennian interdict: the first, which echoes the Persian philosopher and physician, is proposed by Peter of Abano in his <jats:italic>Conciliator</jats:italic>; the other is by Jacopo of Forlì, who, in his <jats:italic>Questiones super primam et secundam fen primi Canonis Avicenne</jats:italic>, seems to cautiously distance himself from Avicenna’s authority. The contrast between these two medieval responses allows us to grasp the importance of complexion as a theoretical tool for explaining differences between individuals of the same species – differences which are not merely random or accidental, nor strictly formal.\",\"PeriodicalId\":49081,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Early Science and Medicine\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-11-24\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Early Science and Medicine\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"98\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20230078\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"哲学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Early Science and Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"98","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20230078","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
Can There Be Two Perfectly Identical Complexions? Peter of Abano and Jacopo of Forlì on Avicenna’s Interdict
Avicenna, in Book I of the Canon, within the context of his general doctrine of complexion, presents the eight modes of equality (modi aequalitatis) that concern specific or individual complexions. There he states quite clearly that each individual within the human species possesses a complexion that belongs to that individual exclusively, and with which it is impossible to associate another individual. In this contribution, after a brief survey of some features of the discussions around the individuality and unrepeatability of complexions in the physiognomic tradition (with particular reference to twins), I will consider two different takes on this Avicennian interdict: the first, which echoes the Persian philosopher and physician, is proposed by Peter of Abano in his Conciliator; the other is by Jacopo of Forlì, who, in his Questiones super primam et secundam fen primi Canonis Avicenne, seems to cautiously distance himself from Avicenna’s authority. The contrast between these two medieval responses allows us to grasp the importance of complexion as a theoretical tool for explaining differences between individuals of the same species – differences which are not merely random or accidental, nor strictly formal.
期刊介绍:
Early Science and Medicine (ESM) is a peer-reviewed international journal dedicated to the history of science, medicine and technology from the earliest times through to the end of the eighteenth century. The need to treat in a single journal all aspects of scientific activity and thought to the eighteenth century is due to two factors: to the continued importance of ancient sources throughout the Middle Ages and the early modern period, and to the comparably low degree of specialization and the high degree of disciplinary interdependence characterizing the period before the professionalization of science.