Coverage and educational actions related to the national vitamin A supplementation program: a study in children from the state of Alagoas

Objectives

To estimate the coverage of the National Vitamin A Supplementation Program (Programa Nacional de Suplementação de Vitamina A) in children from Alagoas, to identify factors associated with this coverage, and to analyze the adequacy of nutrition education actions.

Methods

Household survey involving a representative probabilistic sample of children aged 6 to 59 months from Alagoas and their mothers (n = 509). Coverage was defined by the percentage of children with supplementation records in the last semester. The association between the independent variables (socioeconomic, demographic, and health) and the National Vitamin A Supplementation Program coverage was analyzed based on the prevalence ratio and its 95% CI. The mothers’ knowledge of questions related to vitamin A was considered as an indicator of the adequacy of nutrition education actions.

Results

Program coverage was 91.9% in children aged 6‐11.9 months and 38.6% in children aged 12‐59 months. In the adjusted analysis, the factors that were associated with greater coverage were: age between 6‐11.9 months (PR = 2.50, 95% CI: 2.10‐2.96), living in rural areas (PR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.20‐1.76) and living in a house with ≤ 4 rooms (PR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.09‐1.63). Only 26.1% of the mothers were able to mention some food source of vitamin A and only 19.2% were aware of the consequences of vitamin deficiency for health.

Conclusions

The National Vitamin A Supplementation Program coverage is below the targets set by the Ministry of Health (except for children < 12 months). The factors associated with greater coverage indicate an adequate focus of the program. The nutrition education activities have not demonstrated satisfactory results. This information should guide actions to improve the program.