食用废水灌溉的生蔬菜引起隐孢子虫的疾病负担

IF 3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Marzieh Farhadkhani , Mahnaz Nikaeen , Mahdi Hadi , Hossein Nikaein , Absar Alum , Morteza Abbaszadegan
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引用次数: 0

摘要

传统的污水处理厂不能有效地去除寄生原生动物,导致它们在废水流出物中存在。因此,废水废水的农业再利用可能是隐孢子虫传播到食物链的途径。采用实时荧光定量PCR技术,对试验田二次废水、废水灌溉土壤和蔬菜样品进行隐孢子虫卵囊定量分析。采用定量微生物风险分析(QMRA)确定了与废水灌溉蔬菜消费相关的隐孢子虫年疾病负担。同时还检测了产气荚膜梭菌孢子作为隐孢子虫存在的潜在指示物。在16 ~ 162个卵囊L−1的出水样品中有64%检出隐孢子虫,而在废水灌溉土壤和蔬菜样品中未检出卵囊。食用生菜的年平均疾病负担(6.6 × 10 - 5 DALY每人每年(pppy))高于小葱(3.4 × 10 - 6 DALY每人每年(pppy)),两者均超过了世卫组织10 - 6 DALYs的指导值。然而,考虑到较不严格的10−4 DALY pppy水平,疾病负担在可接受范围内。在92%的污水样本中检测到梭状芽孢,与隐孢子虫的存在无关。本研究的结果表明,处理过的废水的农业回用可能不是半干旱地区隐孢子虫病的主要健康问题。然而,由于生菜的风险较高,因此需要选择适当的作物来完全满足世卫组织关于废水安全再利用的建议。QMRA模型的准确性可以通过进一步研究同一区域卵囊的腐烂率来提高。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Cryptosporidium’s burden of disease attributable to consumption of wastewater-irrigated raw vegetables

Conventional wastewater treatment plants do not effectively remove parasitic protozoa resulting in their presence in wastewater effluent. Therefore, agricultural reuse of wastewater effluent could be a route of Cryptosporidium transmission into the food chain. Samples of secondary wastewater, wastewater-irrigated soil and vegetable samples were collected from an experimental field and analyzed using real-time PCR for quantification of Cryptosporidium oocysts. Quantitative microbial risk analysis (QMRA) was performed to determine the annual disease burden from Cryptosporidium associated with consumption of wastewater-irrigated vegetables. Detection of Clostridium perfringens spores as a potential indicator for the presence of Cryptosporidium was also performed. Cryptosporidium was observed in 64% of the effluent samples ranging from 16 to 162 oocysts L−1, whereas no oocysts were detected in wastewater-irrigated soil and the vegetable samples. The mean annual disease burden for consumption of lettuce (6.6 × 10−5 DALY per person per year (pppy)) was higher than spring onion (3.4 × 10−6 DALY pppy) which both exceeding the WHO guideline of 10−6 DALYs pppy. However, the disease burden was within the acceptable range considering the less stringent level of 10−4 DALY pppy. Clostridium spores were detected in 92% of the effluent samples with no relationship with the presence of Cryptosporidium. The results of this study suggest that agricultural reuse of treated wastewater may not be a major health concern of cryptosporidiosis in a semi-arid region. However, because of the higher risk from lettuce, the choice of an appropriate crop would be needed to completely meet the WHO recommendations for safe reuse of wastewater. The accuracy of the QMRA model could be improved by further investigating the decay rate of oocysts in the same region.

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来源期刊
Microbial Risk Analysis
Microbial Risk Analysis Medicine-Microbiology (medical)
CiteScore
5.70
自引率
7.10%
发文量
28
审稿时长
52 days
期刊介绍: The journal Microbial Risk Analysis accepts articles dealing with the study of risk analysis applied to microbial hazards. Manuscripts should at least cover any of the components of risk assessment (risk characterization, exposure assessment, etc.), risk management and/or risk communication in any microbiology field (clinical, environmental, food, veterinary, etc.). This journal also accepts article dealing with predictive microbiology, quantitative microbial ecology, mathematical modeling, risk studies applied to microbial ecology, quantitative microbiology for epidemiological studies, statistical methods applied to microbiology, and laws and regulatory policies aimed at lessening the risk of microbial hazards. Work focusing on risk studies of viruses, parasites, microbial toxins, antimicrobial resistant organisms, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and recombinant DNA products are also acceptable.
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