肥胖的神经发育程序:对肥胖风险的贡献。

IF 22 1区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
Alicja A Skowronski, Rudolph L Leibel, Charles A LeDuc
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本综述分析了已发表的关于母体因素通过中枢神经系统(CNS)影响人类和动物长期肥胖发育程序的证据。我们描述了围产期喂养不足和过度喂养的生理结果,并探讨了可能介导这种暴露对中枢神经系统摄食回路发育影响的潜在机制,包括代谢激素和表观遗传变化的影响。围产期环境,反映了母亲的营养状况,有助于规划后代的肥胖。子宫内和产后早期是非常敏感的发育窗口期,在此期间激素和代谢环境影响下丘脑的成熟。母体高血糖与葡萄糖向胎儿的转移增加有关,导致胎儿高胰岛素血症。升高的胎儿胰岛素导致肥胖增加,从而导致胎儿循环瘦素浓度升高。动物模型的机制研究表明,瘦素和胰岛素在肥胖的中枢和外周编程中起重要作用,并表明这些激素的最佳浓度在生命早期至关重要。此外,发育过程中的环境环境可能通过表观遗传标记传递给后代,这些标记可能垂直传递给后代。因此,围产期发育过程中的营养和代谢/内分泌信号可能对后代的体重调节产生终生(甚至可能是多代)的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Neurodevelopmental Programming of Adiposity: Contributions to Obesity Risk.

This review analyzes the published evidence regarding maternal factors that influence the developmental programming of long-term adiposity in humans and animals via the central nervous system (CNS). We describe the physiological outcomes of perinatal underfeeding and overfeeding and explore potential mechanisms that may mediate the impact of such exposures on the development of feeding circuits within the CNS-including the influences of metabolic hormones and epigenetic changes. The perinatal environment, reflective of maternal nutritional status, contributes to the programming of offspring adiposity. The in utero and early postnatal periods represent critically sensitive developmental windows during which the hormonal and metabolic milieu affects the maturation of the hypothalamus. Maternal hyperglycemia is associated with increased transfer of glucose to the fetus driving fetal hyperinsulinemia. Elevated fetal insulin causes increased adiposity and consequently higher fetal circulating leptin concentration. Mechanistic studies in animal models indicate important roles of leptin and insulin in central and peripheral programming of adiposity, and suggest that optimal concentrations of these hormones are critical during early life. Additionally, the environmental milieu during development may be conveyed to progeny through epigenetic marks and these can potentially be vertically transmitted to subsequent generations. Thus, nutritional and metabolic/endocrine signals during perinatal development can have lifelong (and possibly multigenerational) impacts on offspring body weight regulation.

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来源期刊
Endocrine reviews
Endocrine reviews 医学-内分泌学与代谢
CiteScore
42.00
自引率
1.00%
发文量
29
期刊介绍: Endocrine Reviews, published bimonthly, features concise timely reviews updating key mechanistic and clinical concepts, alongside comprehensive, authoritative articles covering both experimental and clinical endocrinology themes. The journal considers topics informing clinical practice based on emerging and established evidence from clinical research. It also reviews advances in endocrine science stemming from studies in cell biology, immunology, pharmacology, genetics, molecular biology, neuroscience, reproductive medicine, and pediatric endocrinology.
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