Yoga and Meditation in the Treatment of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders

Background:: According to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, the global health impact of neurological and psychiatric disorders has been underestimated for years. Neuropsychiatric disorders are now recognised as significant threats to public health. In conjunction with modern pharmaceutical interventions, the clinical application of yoga and meditation techniques has been increasingly recognised for their efficacy in treating various mental health conditions. Objective:: This article aimed to provide a comprehensive review summarizing the influence of yoga and meditation on the human brain, specifically focusing on their clinical implementation for neurological and psychiatric disorders. Methods:: A systematic search was conducted across PubMed and Google Scholar databases utilizing diverse combinations of keywords, including yoga, meditation, neurogenesis, neurological disorder, mental health, mindfulness, thought process, neuroimaging, and brain, to identify pertinent literature for this review. Results:: Prevalent neurological and psychiatric ailments in our society encompass multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, migraine, fibromyalgia, cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, major depression, anxiety disorder, and chronic stress. Scientifically corroborated by clinical studies, the advantageous effects of yoga and spiritual practices on these disorders have been substantiated. As our understanding of the complex psychology and functionalities of the human brain progresses, it becomes apparent that yoga and meditation facilitate neurogenesis and restore chemical equilibrium. Such practices aid in dispelling intrusive thoughts, negating negative emotions, and ameliorating stress, thereby offering relief to patients and progressively diminishing their reliance on conventional medication. Conclusion:: The integration of yoga and spiritual practices as complementary and non-invasive adjunctive therapies represents a promising approach to addressing the spectrum of neurological disorders plaguing modern society.