Electrical Event Capture with an Electron Beam Probing System

Abstract With the introduction of flip-chip technology, optical-based failure analysis techniques have played a critical role in many failure analysis (FA) laboratories. This is due to the unhindered access for photons to probe or emit from the transistor layer through the bulk silicon. Among the optical techniques, laser voltage imaging (LVI) and laser voltage probing (LVP), collectively called LVx, dominate because they directly expose the electrical activity of a given circuit or cell.