尼采的虚无主义

Azad Hama Abdullah
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摘要

詹尼·瓦蒂莫是意大利后现代虚无主义哲学家和政治活动家。他是对尼采哲学诠释最有影响力的意大利和西方哲学家之一。正是他在20世纪70年代末把尼采和海德格尔带到了意大利哲学研究的中心。梵提摩与尼采和尼采传统的持续对话是多方面的。当然,这一方面为我们研究梵提摩对尼采虚无主义的看法增加了其他分支,包括梵提摩对解释学、真理和道德的讨论。研究还表明,梵提莫所讨论的尼采更接近意大利的梵提莫,而不是法国或德国哲学。梵提莫对尼采虚无主义的诠释,并没有像他同时代的西方哲学家那样,打开同样的哲学之门。因为在Vatimo的解释中,尼采将自己呈现为一个革命的政治和社会哲学家,并在尼采的虚无主义中产生了一种新的解释学,称为解释学虚无主义,这与现代性和后现代性的讨论有关。要按照意大利人尼采的观点解释虚无主义,我们需要解释弱思想的概念,这对瓦蒂莫来说很重要。因为Vatimo对尼采虚无主义的概念与其他虚无主义的概念是相关的,因此,在本研究中,我们将更多地关注尼采的虚无主义是使Vatimo成为意大利尼采的虚无主义这一方面。我们在研究中也得出了几个结论,其中最重要的是,该研究是对梵提莫哲学中尼采虚无主义的一次探索,为梵提莫批判西方现代性开辟了道路。因此,我们要问:梵提摩所拒绝的现代社会的形而上学基础是什么?在梵提莫的解释学虚无主义中,后现代主义一词意味着什么?为了回答这些问题,我们将集中讨论梵提莫关于尼采虚无主义思想中有意义的三个主题:解释学、后现代主义和弱思想。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Nietzschean Nihilism according to Vattimo
Gianni Vattimo is an Italian postmodern and nihilistic philosopher and political activist. He is one of the most influential Italian and Western philosophers in the interpretation of Nietzsche’s philosophy. It was he who brought Nietzsche and Heidegger to the center of philosophical research in Italy in the late 1970s. Vatimo’s continuous dialogue with Nietzsche and the Nietzschean tradition is multifaceted. Of course, this aspect adds other branches to our study of Vatimo’s view of Nietzsche’s nihilism, including Vatimo’s discussion of hermeneutics, truth, and morality. The research also shows that the Nietzsche discussed by Vatimo is closer to an Italian Vatimo than to French or German philosophy. Vatimo’s interpretations of Nietzsche’s nihilism do not open the same philosophical doors as his contemporaries in the West. Because in Vatimo’s interpretations, Nietzsche presents himself as a revolutionary political and social philosopher and produces a new hermeneutics within Nietzsche’s nihilism called hermeneutical nihilism, which is linked to the discussions of modernity and postmodernity. To interpret nihilism according to Italian Nietzsche, we need to interpret the concept of weak thought, which is important to Vattimo. Because Vatimo’s concept of Nietzsche’s nihilism is related to other concepts of nihilism, therefore, in this research we will focus more on the aspect that Nietzsche’s nihilism according to Vatimo is the nihilism that makes Vatimo the Nietzsche of Italy. We have also reached several conclusions in the research, the most important of which is that the research is an attempt to investigate Nietzsche’s nihilism in Vatimo’s philosophy, which has opened the way for Vatimo to criticize Western modernity.Therefore, we ask: What are the metaphysical foundations of modern society that Vatimo rejects? What does the term postmodernism mean in Vatimo’s hermeneutic nihilism? To answer these questions, we will focus on three themes that are meaningful in Vatimo’s thought about Nietzsche’s nihilism: hermeneutics, postmodernism, and weak thought.
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