坦桑尼亚恩戈罗恩戈罗保护区羚羊的生境利用和饮食组成

Gregory A. Mtega, Cuthbert L. Nahonyo, Steven Temu, George Sangu, John Bukombe
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摘要

恩戈罗恩戈罗保护区(NCA)因其多种土地利用而闻名于世,畜牧业和野生动物保护并存。因此,NCA必须在牲畜和野生动物之间的竞争需求之间达到微妙的平衡。目前,国家保护区正在实施重新安置方案,为愿意迁移到保护区以外重新定居的牧民提供便利,以减少国家保护区的人口和牲畜数量。公羚羊(Tragelaphus oryx)是在NCA发现的大型食草动物物种之一,可能受到牲畜和野生动物之间可能的竞争的影响。关于该物种的生境利用和取食生态的资料有限。因此,本研究探讨了影响大羚羊(Tragelaphus oryx)生境利用和食物组成的因素。采用直接实地调查的方法,沿着82个预先建立的样带收集数据。在此基础上,本研究对NCA共有地的生境利用、分布格局、食性组成及保护威胁进行了评估。85%(旱季和雨季),而其他生境的利用最少(<15%)。不同植物种类的陆地食性组成差异显著,动物最常取食的是三头草,而很少取食的是玉米花和木槿。提出了加强草原生境管理和减少人为活动以加强保护区土地保护的建议。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Habitat Use and Diet Composition of the Common Eland (Tragelaphus oryx) in Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania
Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA) is renowned worldwide for its multiple land use where pastoralism and wildlife conservation co-exist. Thus, the NCA must meet a delicate balance of competing needs between livestock and wildlife. Currently the NCA is conducting resettlement program to facilitate pastoralists who are willing to move and resettle outside of the conservation area in order to reduce the number of people and livestocks in NCA. The common eland (Tragelaphus oryx) are among the large herbivore species found in the NCA that might be affected by possible competition between livestock and wildlife. The information on this species including habitat utilization and feeding ecology is limited. This study therefore, investigated the factors influencing habitat use and diet composition of the common eland (Tragelaphus oryx) in NCA. Data were collected along 82 pre-established transects using direct field survey. The study therefore assessed habitat use, distribution patterns, diet composition and conservation threats facing the common eland in NCA, The results indicated that the grassland habitat was mainly used by elands (> 85% in both dry and wet seasons), while other habitats were least used (< 15%). Eland diet composition varied significantly among plant species, with the animals most frequently feeding on Themeda triandra but rarely on Vachellia tortilis and Hibiscus aponeurus. The study concludes with recommendations for enhancement of grassland habitat management and reduced anthropogenic activities to enhance eland conservation in NCA.
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