东南欧的艰难遗产:社会主义后纪念政治监狱的地方和跨国纠葛

IF 0.7 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
Gruia Bădescu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在整个中欧和东欧,各国政府都支持建立国家社会主义时期政治暴力的纪念博物馆。虽然匈牙利的恐怖之家和波罗的海的占领博物馆得到了很多学术关注,但本文考察了东南欧的对比情况,在那里,国家行为者通常缺席,并且见证了相对姗姗来迟的自下而上的进程。文章分析了政治监狱作为“困难遗产”的特殊性。它仔细研究了三个东南欧国家纪念政治监狱的共性和纠葛,这些国家在共产主义期间和之后都有不同的轨迹:阿尔巴尼亚(Spaç),罗马尼亚(Sighet和pite)和克罗地亚(Goli Otok)。这篇文章展示了在缺乏国家层面的政策来解决过渡时期司法问题的情况下,围绕艰难的遗产纪念活动的活动旨在填补这一空白。它还认为,东南欧的遗址纪念活动与更广泛的欧洲模式之间的关系具有双重构成性:首先,20世纪90年代罗马尼亚的锡盖特纪念活动借鉴了西欧大屠杀纪念活动的方法,然后形成了欧洲广泛的最佳实践;第二,2010年之后,东南欧出现了一波新的纪念活动,这与记忆的欧洲化和跨国交往有关。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Difficult Heritage in Southeastern Europe: Local and Transnational Entanglements in Memorializing Political Prisons after Socialism
Throughout Central and Eastern Europe, various governments supported the creation of memorial museums of political violence during state socialism. While much scholarly attention has been given to Hungary’s House of Terror and the Baltic museums of occupations, this article examines the contrasting situation in Southeastern Europe, where state actors were generally absent and which witnessed relatively belated and overwhelmingly bottom-up processes. The article analyses the particularity of political prisons as ‘difficult heritage’. It scrutinizes the commonalities and entanglements between the memorialization of political prisons in three Southeastern European countries marked by distinctive trajectories both during and after communism: Albania (Spaç), Romania (Sighet and Piteşti), and Croatia (Goli Otok). The article shows how in the absence of state-level policies to address transitional justice, activism surrounding difficult heritage memorialization has aimed to fill the gap. It also argues that the relationship between site memorialization in Southeastern Europe and the wider European models is doubly constitutive: first, the memorialization of Sighet in 1990s Romania borrowed approaches from Western European Holocaust memorialization, then shaped a European wide set of best practices; second, a wave of new memorial initiatives after 2010 in Southeastern Europe was connected to the Europeanization of memory and transnational engagements.
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CiteScore
1.10
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