Recurrence of pediatric cerebral arteriovenous malformation after obliteration by radiosurgery: a case report

The rupture of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation is the most common cause of cerebral hemorrhage in children, with recurrence rates reported to be higher than that in adults. Herein, we present the case of a 4-year-old child who initially demonstrated obliteration of a ruptured brain arteriovenous malformation after initial Gamma Knife radiosurgery, but subsequently experienced delayed recurrence, ultimately necessitating a second Gamma Knife radiosurgery procedure. By reviewing this case, we aim to explore considerations regarding the recurrence, treatment, and follow-up strategies for pediatric arteriovenous malformations.