俄罗斯红十字会与巴尔干战争1912-1913:风暴前的考验

IF 0.1 Q3 HISTORY
Anna Volodko
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引用次数: 0

摘要

20世纪初,俄罗斯红十字会(RRCS)是国际红十字运动中最大的全国性组织之一。除了帮助俄罗斯各种灾难的受害者,红十字会的医务人员还帮助国外武装冲突的受害者。日俄战争后,该协会的活动中发现了严重的缺陷,并进行了重大的组织改革,以增加其工作的规模和效率。重组后,rrc在俄罗斯境外的第一次人道主义行动是在1912年9月25日至1913年5月17日向第一次巴尔干战争的战区派遣了大量医疗任务。在1913年6月29日至7月29日的第二次巴尔干战争期间,红十字会在前线的双方执行任务。俄罗斯红十字会提高了效率,俄罗斯医生的奉献精神和专业精神使该协会在交战国家的特派团能够成功地完成任务,在很大程度上弥补了当地军事医疗服务的不足,为成千上万的伤病员提供了援助。巴尔干战役使得在第一次世界大战前夕引入改革后的组织创新成为可能。
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Russian Red Cross Society and the Balkan Wars 1912—1913: the Test Before the Storm
At the beginning of the twentieth century, the Russian Red Cross Society (RRCS) was one of the largest national organisations of the international Red Cross movement. In addition to helping victims of various disasters in Russia, medics from the RRCS helped victims of armed conflicts abroad. Following the Russo-Japanese War, serious shortcomings were identified in the Society's activities and major organisational reforms were undertaken to increase the scale and effectiveness of its work. The first humanitarian operation of RRCS outside Russia, after its reorganization, was the sending of numerous medical missions to the theatre of the First Balkan War on September 25, 1912 — 17 May 1913. During the Second Balkan War from 29 June to 29 July 1913, RRCS missions operated on both sides of the front. The increased efficiency of RRCS, the dedication and professionalism of Russian doctors allowed the Society's missions in the warring countries to successfully cope with their tasks, making up for the shortcomings of the local military-medical services to a great extent, providing aid to tens of thousands of the wounded and sick. The Balkan campaign made it possible to introduce post-reform organisational innovations on the eve of the First World War.
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CiteScore
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