与产后抑郁症相关的危险因素

Marcelo Cerilo-Filho, Bruna Stefany Rocha do Nascimento, Julyana Constância Feitosa Marinho, Lais Edvirgens Lima da Cruz, Mirelly Nascimento Soares, Erika dos Santos Nunes
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引用次数: 0

摘要

产后抑郁症(PPD)在17世纪和18世纪开始被报道。在妊娠-产褥期发生一些生理、心理和社会心理变化。诱发PPD的主要危险因素包括:极度焦虑;压力事件;既往抑郁症病史;缺乏家庭支持;意外怀孕或计划怀孕;与伙伴的关系;社会经济地位低;烟瘾:对酒精、烟草或其他药物的依赖;还有家庭暴力史。诊断是由卫生专业人员通过使用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)和精神障碍诊断与统计手册第5版(DSM 5)两种症状跟踪工具进行的。这项工作旨在识别和了解与产后抑郁相关的危险因素,并讨论预防和早期诊断方法。这是一项综合文献综述研究。使用虚拟健康图书馆(VHL)、科学电子图书馆在线(Scielo)和Pubmed数据库中检索的文章,使用描述符(DESC)产后抑郁或产后期、产后抑郁或危险因素和产后抑郁或护理。在被引数据库中检索到81226篇文章,按照本文建立的纳入和排除标准进行检索。通过筛选、纳入和排除标准、重复、阅读全文摘要,选择了15篇文章来回答研究问题。本研究旨在确定与PPD相关的危险因素。本文综述指出,其发展是通过怀孕和产后出现的一些决定因素发生的。研究中提到的有利于产后抑郁症发生的风险因素包括:孕期压力事件、既往抑郁史、年龄、受教育程度、子女数量、婚姻状况、家庭收入。为此,重要的是,保健小组必须不断接受培训,以促进健康和预防。这样,就有可能降低产妇发病率和死亡率,减少杀婴现象,最大限度地减少产妇并发症,减少对婴儿发育的损害,并在不干扰与伴侣和家庭成员关系的情况下保持有效的母子关系的完整性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
FATORES DE RISCO ASSOCIADO À DEPRESSÃO PÓS-PARTO
Postpartum Depression (PPD) begins to be reported in the 17th and 18th centuries. In the gravidic-puerperal period some events occur such as physiological, psychological and psychosocial changes. The main risk factors for the onset of PPD include: extreme anxiety; stressful events; previous history of depression; lack of family support; unwanted or planned pregnancy; relationship with partner; low socioeconomic status; dependence on alcohol, tobacco, or other drugs; and history of domestic violence. The diagnosis is made by health professionals and through the use of two symptom tracking instruments which are the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition (DSM 5). This work aimed to identify and know the risk factors associated with Postpartum Depression, as well as discuss prevention and methods for early diagnosis. This is an integrative literature review study. Articles indexed in the databases Virtual Health Library (VHL), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) and Pubmed were used, using the descriptors (DESC) Postpartum Depression or Puerperium, Postpartum Depression or Risk Factors and Postpartum Depression or Nursing Care. From the searches in the cited databases, 81,226 articles were found, which were submitted to the inclusion and exclusion criteria established in this work. After applying the filters, inclusion and exclusion criteria, duplicity, reading the full abstracts, 15 articles were chosen to answer the research question. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with PPD. The articles of this review point out that its development occurs through some determinants that arise during pregnancy and postpartum. The risk factors cited by the researches that favor the emergence of PPD include: stressful events during pregnancy, previous history of depression, age, level of education, number of children, marital status, family income. For this, it is important that the health team is in constant training in order to promote health and prevention. With this, it will be possible to observe the decrease in maternal morbidity and mortality rates, infanticides, minimizing complications for puerperae, less damage to the development of babies, as well as maintaining the integrity of the effective mother-child bond, without interfering in the relationship with partners and family members.
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