大豆种子品质指标研究

IF 0.2 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
O. Sokolovskaya, L. Valevskaya
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这篇文章提供了全球大豆生产现状的研究,在过去的五年里,乌克兰大豆的播种面积、产量和总收获的动态。世界大豆产量近3.52亿吨,美国、巴西和阿根廷一直是产量最高的国家。2017年,阿根廷收获了创纪录的2.86亿吨大豆,占世界产量的82%。中国(1230万吨)、印度(1150万吨)和巴拉圭(1030万吨)也是主要生产国。乌克兰的大豆产量在主要国家中排名第八。此外,大豆多年来与粮食作物一道,在国内农产品市场上处于出口和食品、饲料加工的领先地位,在保障国家粮食和经济安全方面也具有重要的战略意义。大豆种子含有38-42%的蛋白质,18-23%的脂肪,25-30%的碳水化合物,以及酶,维生素和矿物质。大豆因其丰富多样的化学成分,在产量增长速度上无可匹敌,长期以来被广泛用作通用的粮食、饲料和油料作物。给出了该国大豆播种面积最大的地区,并明确了乌克兰在世界市场上大豆生产和贸易方面的地位。给出了在计划增加大豆种植面积时应考虑的因素。粮食质量控制是一个复杂的过程,是多种因素综合作用的结果。然而,这是一个非常重要的阶段,因为它使乌克兰粮食有可能在世界市场上具有竞争力。对2022年收获大豆样品的感官和理化品质指标进行了研究。试验结果表明,样品具有正常大豆种子的颜色和形状特征,无霉变、霉变和异味。水分、油脂的质量分数、垃圾和粮食杂质的含量不超过标准值。在所有研究样本中均未发现虫害。实验样品中蛋白质的干物质质量分数为32.1-33.9,与DSTU 4964:2008不符。“大豆。技术条件”(该值应至少为35%)和美国农业部的要求。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
RESEARCH OF SOYBEAN SEED QUALITY INDICATORS
The article provides a study of the current state of global soybean production, the dynamics of sown areas, yield and gross harvest of soybeans in Ukraine over the past five years. World soybean production is almost 352 million tons, and the leaders are always the USA, Brazil, and Argentina, which in 2017 collected a record 286 million tons of soybeans, which is 82% of world production. China (12.3 million tons), India (11.5 million tons) and Paraguay (10.3 million tons) are also among the leading producers. Ukraine was ranked 8th among the leading countries in soybean production. Also, soybeans have been in the leading positions in the domestic agricultural market for many years, along with grain crops, in export and processing for food and fodder purposes, and also have a strategically important role in ensuring the country's food and economic security. Soybean seeds contain 38–42% protein, 18–23% fat, 25–30% carbohydrates, as well as enzymes, vitamins, and minerals. Due to its rich and diverse chemical composition, soybean has no equal in terms of production growth rates, and it has long been widely used as a universal food, fodder and oil crop. The regions of the country with the largest sown areas of soybeans are given, and the place of Ukraine in the world market, both in terms of production and trade of soybeans, is clarified. Factors that should be taken into account when planning to increase the area under soybeans are given. Grain quality control is a complex process that includes a combination of various factors. However, this is a very important stage, as it makes it possible to make Ukrainian grain competitive on the world market. Studies of organoleptic and physicochemical quality indicators of soybean samples of the 2022 harvest are presented. It is shown that the test samples have the color and shape characteristic of normal soybean seeds, without musty, moldy and extraneous smell. The mass fraction of moisture, oil, the content of garbage and grain impurities do not exceed the normative values. Pest infestation was not detected in any of the studied samples. The mass fraction of protein in terms of dry matter in the experimental samples was 32.1–33.9, which does not correspond to DSTU 4964:2008. "Soy. Technical conditions" (the value should be at least 35%) and USDA requirements.
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自引率
50.00%
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22
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6 weeks
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