在食草灵长类动物中,攻击率在季节性开发的资源中增加

IF 2.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Julie C Jarvey, Bobbi S Low, Abebaw Azanaw Haile, Kenneth L Chiou, Noah Snyder-Mackler, Amy Lu, Thore J Bergman, Jacinta C Beehner, India A Schneider-Crease
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引用次数: 0

摘要

女性的社会关系往往是由饮食资源的分布所塑造的。社会生态学模型预测,当资源集中时,女性应该形成严格的线性统治等级,当资源均匀分配时,女性应该表现出更平等的社会结构。虽然许多食果动物和杂食动物确实表现出优势等级,并伴随着不同的资源获取,但许多食叶动物偏离了预期的模式,在资源均匀分布的情况下表现出优势等级。在这些异类中,狒狒(Theropithecus gelada)是一个引人注目的难题;尽管雌性主要以非垄断性牧草为食,但仍表现出积极的竞争和严格的统治等级。然而,这些草在旱季变得稀缺,狒狒用地下储存器官来补充它们的饮食,这些器官需要相对大量的能量来提取。在埃塞俄比亚塞米恩山国家公园进行的一项长期研究中,我们通过评估等级、季节和摄食环境如何影响狒狒的攻击性,来测试雌性统治等级是否提供了进入地下储存器官的不同途径。我们发现,在地下觅食时受到攻击的可能性最高,而在旱季地下觅食时,等级与攻击的反比关系最为极端。这些结果表明,狒狒的攻击性围绕着地下食物展开,这可能意味着地下储存器官是能量中心的饮食组成部分(尽管消耗的频率低于草),或者即使是“备用”食物也会影响喂养竞争和社会关系。进一步的工作应该评估这种情况下的攻击性是否与高级别的雌性在提取后从低级别的雌性那里篡夺地下食物直接相关。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Aggression rates increase around seasonally exploited resources in a primarily grass-eating primate
Abstract Female social relationships are often shaped by the distribution of dietary resources. Socioecological models predict that females should form strict linear dominance hierarchies when resources are clumped and exhibit more egalitarian social structures when resources are evenly distributed. While many frugivores and omnivores indeed exhibit dominance hierarchies accompanied by differential resource access, many folivores deviate from the expected pattern and display dominance hierarchies despite evenly distributed resources. Among these outliers, geladas (Theropithecus gelada) present a conspicuous puzzle; females exhibit aggressive competition and strict dominance hierarchies despite feeding primarily on non-monopolizable grasses. However, these grasses become scarce in the dry season and geladas supplement their diet with underground storage organs that require relatively extensive energy to extract. We tested whether female dominance hierarchies provide differential access to underground storage organs by assessing how rank, season, and feeding context affect aggression in geladas under long-term study in the Simien Mountains National Park, Ethiopia. We found that the likelihood of receiving aggression was highest when feeding belowground and that the inverse relationship between rank and aggression was the most extreme while feeding belowground in the dry season. These results suggest that aggression in geladas revolves around belowground foods, which may mean that underground storage organs are an energetically central dietary component (despite being consumed less frequently than grasses), or that even “fallback” foods can influence feeding competition and social relationships. Further work should assess whether aggression in this context is directly associated with high-ranking usurpation of belowground foods from lower-ranking females following extraction.
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来源期刊
Behavioral Ecology
Behavioral Ecology 环境科学-动物学
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
8.30%
发文量
93
审稿时长
3.0 months
期刊介绍: Studies on the whole range of behaving organisms, including plants, invertebrates, vertebrates, and humans, are included. Behavioral Ecology construes the field in its broadest sense to include 1) the use of ecological and evolutionary processes to explain the occurrence and adaptive significance of behavior patterns; 2) the use of behavioral processes to predict ecological patterns, and 3) empirical, comparative analyses relating behavior to the environment in which it occurs.
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