栖息地结构对美洲豹和豹猫捕食频率和空间共存的模拟效应

IF 2.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Sean Richards, Siria Gámez, Nyeema C Harris
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引用次数: 0

摘要

同一生态行会中的物种表现出不同的生态位属性,这些属性与它们的饮食、空间占用和时间活动有关,以减少竞争。在热带猫科动物群落中,许多物种在这些生态位维度上表现出大量的重叠。因此,美洲虎(Panthera onca)有时会杀死较小的豹猫(Leopardus pardalis)的竞争对手,这种现象被称为野外捕食(IGP),这是热带森林的主要结构力量。我们开发了一个基于空间显式主体的模型来理解IGP,并期望豹猫采用空间回避策略,利用可用的森林冠层作为更多的树栖物种。我们用真实的行为参数化模型代理来复制真实的环境。当我们记录IGP事件和豹猫树冠占用率时,美洲虎和豹猫代理人被允许移动、捕猎和繁殖不同数量、高度和树冠厚度的树木。我们使用结构方程模型(SEM)来证明树木的数量和高度如何显著影响IGP的发生。根据我们的假设,我们发现两个物种共存的主要因素是豹猫利用可用的树冠避难所来躲避美洲虎。我们的建模方法可以广泛应用于具有相似野生动物相互作用的不同环境,以预测森林结构的重要性,并可以为森林管理和栖息地保护的政策提供信息。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Modeling effects of habitat structure on intraguild predation frequency and spatial coexistence between jaguars and ocelots
Abstract Species within the same ecological guild exhibit niche attributes that vary in association with their diet, spatial occupancy, and temporal activity to reduce competition. In the case of the tropical felid community, many species exhibit substantial overlap in these niche dimensions. Consequently, jaguars (Panthera onca) will sometimes kill the smaller ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) competitor in a phenomenon called intraguild predation (IGP), which is a major structuring force in tropical forests. We developed a spatially explicit agent-based model to understand IGP with the expectation that ocelots employ spatial avoidance strategies using available forest canopy as the more arboreal species. We parameterized model agents with realistic behaviors to replicate the real-world environment. Jaguar and ocelot agents were allowed to move, hunt, and reproduce with varying numbers, heights, and canopy thickness of trees as we recorded IGP events and ocelot canopy occupancy. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to demonstrate how the number and height of trees significantly affected IGP occurrence. In accordance with our hypothesis, we found that the main contributor mediating coexistence between the two species was spatial avoidance of jaguars by ocelots by using available canopy refuges. Our modeling approach has broad application to different environments with similar intraguild interactions to predict the importance of forest structure and can inform policy directed toward forest management and habitat conservation.
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来源期刊
Behavioral Ecology
Behavioral Ecology 环境科学-动物学
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
8.30%
发文量
93
审稿时长
3.0 months
期刊介绍: Studies on the whole range of behaving organisms, including plants, invertebrates, vertebrates, and humans, are included. Behavioral Ecology construes the field in its broadest sense to include 1) the use of ecological and evolutionary processes to explain the occurrence and adaptive significance of behavior patterns; 2) the use of behavioral processes to predict ecological patterns, and 3) empirical, comparative analyses relating behavior to the environment in which it occurs.
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