风洞及其应用研究影响农用喷雾剂精准施用的变量

IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q3 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
Alvin Ray Womac, Erdal Ozkan, Heping Zhu, John Kochendorfer, Hongyoung Jeon, Nataraj Eswarachandra
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引用次数: 0

摘要

风洞被广泛用于研究农业喷雾剂的精确应用。风洞的使用极大地促进了精密应用的广泛影响。风洞为研究大量大范围喷雾变量提供了可控条件。摘要本研究的目的是回顾具有代表性的风洞及其用于研究影响农业喷雾剂精确应用的变量的出版物。精准应用包括精心设计喷雾器,精确地形成和散布液滴和喷雾剂,以增加对目标作物、树叶或害虫的喷雾沉积,从而提高农业产量,同时减少对邻近生态和环境的不利影响。风洞应用的分类主题是(1)喷雾雾化,(2)辅助作用,(3)喷雾漂移,(4)喷雾,空气运动,作物叶片相互作用,(5)无人机应用,(6)喷雾器周围的气流,(7)喷雾测试方法和收集。研究发现,喷嘴设计对液滴尺寸的影响比喷雾配方更大,这强调了喷嘴选择对雾化的重要性,并且空气感应(AI)文丘里喷嘴始终能降低喷雾漂移势。有时,一些佐剂作为漂移减少剂销售,以相反的方式起作用,减少液滴大小。在概念应用中,风洞用于喷雾漂移的变量研究范围最广,包括各种喷嘴、臂架高度、产品活性成分、佐剂和其他变量。叶片沉积物由上、中、低叶高依次减少,且随风速的增加而减少。冠层的低风湍流对沉积没有贡献。叶片沉积更多地取决于液滴大小和当地环境风。冠层孔隙度将液滴大小限制在100µm以下,以贡献叶片内部沉积物。UAV应用的风洞使用主要集中在UAV变量的喷雾漂移,例如旋翼配置和安装或系留UAV的有效载荷。最终的建议是使用人工智能喷嘴,降低应用速度,并使用合适的佐剂-这与其他应用类似。在喷嘴风扇喷流排出的旋涡和4喷嘴动臂的研究中,对喷流周围气流影响的对比结果发现,由于存在或不存在喷流排出,速度和湍流场没有差异。在风洞中确定的喷雾测试方法和收集主要集中在各种喷雾收集器的收集效率上。收集效率随收集器和液滴大小而变化。关键词:关键词。,吊臂喷雾器,液滴大小,液滴轨迹,喷嘴分类,喷雾沉积,喷雾漂移,喷嘴。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Wind Tunnels and Their Uses to Study Variables Affecting Precision Applications of Agricultural Sprays
Highlights Wind tunnels were extensively used to study precision applications of agricultural sprays. Use of wind tunnels significantly contributed to the broad-reaching impact of precision applications. Wind tunnels provide controlled conditions to study a plethora of wide ranging spray variables. Abstract. The objective of this study was to review publications that were representative of wind tunnels and their uses to study variables affecting precision applications of agricultural sprays. Precision application involved the deliberate engineering of sprayers for accurate formation and dispersal of droplets and sprays to enhance spray deposits on targeted crop, foliage, or pest for increased agricultural production with reduced adverse effects to neighboring ecology and the environment. Categorical themes of wind tunnel uses were (1) spray atomization, (2) adjuvant effects, (3) spray drift, (4) spray, air movement, crop foliage interactions, (5) UAV applications, (6) airflow around sprayer, and (7) spray test methods and collections. A discovery was that nozzle design had more impact on droplet size than spray formulation, which emphasized the importance of spray nozzle selection for atomization, and that air induction (AI) venturi nozzles consistently provided reduced spray drift potential. On occasion, some adjuvants marketed as drift reduction agents acted in an opposite manner and decreased droplet size. Wind tunnel use for spray drift had the broadest range of variables studied among conceptual applications and included various nozzles, boom height, product active ingredients, adjuvants, and other variables. Deposits decreased in foliage from upper, middle, to lower foliage heights and decreased with increased wind speed. Low wind turbulence in the canopy did not contribute to deposition. Foliage deposition depended more on droplet size and local ambient winds. Canopy porosity limited the droplet size to less than 100 µm for contribution to deposits internal to the foliage. Wind tunnel use for UAV applications was mostly focused on spray drift for UAV variables such as rotor configurations and payload for mounted or tethered UAV. An ultimate recommendation was to use AI nozzles, reduce application speed, and to use a suitable adjuvant – which was similar to other applications. Contrasting results for the impact of airflow around sprays were reported for vortices around fan spray discharge of a nozzle versus a 4-nozzle boom study that found no differences in velocity and turbulence fields due to the presence or no presence of spray discharge. Spray test methods and collections determined in wind tunnels primarily focused on collection efficiencies for a wide range of spray collectors. Collection efficiencies varied with collector and droplet size. Keywords: Keywords.,Boom sprayer,Droplet size,Droplet trajectory,Nozzle classification,Spray deposit,Spray drift,Spray nozzles.
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