在乌克兰始新世中期发现的鲸类动物肢体揭示了哺乳动物对水中生活的适应

IF 4.6 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS
Svitozar Davydenko, Eugene Solyanik, Roman Tretiakov, Oleksandr Kovalchuk, Pavel Gol’din
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在整个进化过程中,有一些哺乳动物谱系是二级适应水中生活的。其中,只有海鲸类和鲸类进化为完全的水生生物。这种转变伴随着游泳方式的变化,从用脚划水到用尾巴推进,前肢作为有效的水翼,后肢逐渐失去外部。在这里,我们描述了来自乌克兰中始新世的一个孤立的肢体,43-42 Mya,被确定为完全水生鲸类动物的后肢,是欧洲报道的最早的鲸类动物。其表现为扁平、关节相连的骨骼,即胫骨和腓骨,膝关节部分复位,与足部连接松散,指骨扁平。这一解剖揭示了一种迄今为止唯一被推测的鲸类形态,表明一些早期完全水生的鲸类动物是四足动物,具有后肢功能,可能参与了高级游泳方式。他们要么使用身体波动,要么使用由尾巴或脚提供动力的升力推进,也可以使用结合这些模式的过渡游泳风格。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A cetacean limb from the Middle Eocene of Ukraine sheds light on mammalian adaptations to life in water
Abstract There are a few mammalian lineages secondarily adapted to life in water throughout their evolutionary history. Of them, only sirenians and cetaceans evolved as fully aquatic organisms. This transition was accompanied by changes in swimming mode, from foot paddling to tail-powered propulsion, with the forelimbs acting as efficient hydrofoils and the gradual loss of external hindlimbs. Here, we describe an isolated limb from the Middle Eocene of Ukraine, 43–42 Mya, identified as a hindlimb of a fully aquatic cetacean and being the earliest cetacean reported from Europe. It is represented by flattened, jointly articulated bones, identified as the tibia and fibula with a partly reduced knee joint and loose connection to the pes, and by flattened phalanges. This anatomy reveals a hitherto only presumed cetacean morphotype, showing that some of the early fully aquatic cetaceans were four-legged animals with functional hindlimbs that could be involved in advanced styles of swimming. They used either body undulation or lift-based propulsion powered by the tail or feet and could also use a transitional swimming style combining these modes.
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来源期刊
ACS Applied Bio Materials
ACS Applied Bio Materials Chemistry-Chemistry (all)
CiteScore
9.40
自引率
2.10%
发文量
464
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