Effect of Thyroid Dysfunction on Complete Blood Count

Background: Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in metabolism and the proliferation of blood cells. Therefore, thyroid hormones have a direct effect on blood parameters by stimulating erythrocyte precursors and indirect effect by enhancing erythropoietin production. Additionally, it affects red blood cells include mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and red cell distribution width. In this study, we evaluated difference of complete blood count result between the healthy control, Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves’ disease study groups. Methods and results: This is a cross-sectional study which included 158 subjects (male 9, female 149), categorized into three groups: control, hypothyroidism (patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis), and hyperthyroidism (patient with Graves’ disease). The analyses showed a significant difference the between the groups in term of mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and red cell distribution width and monocyte (p values < 0.05). Conclusion: The functional abnormalities of the thyroid gland significantly impact blood cells, and the complete blood cell count results play a critical role in the diagnosis of the condition.