预防未成年人校园欺凌行为

Igor S. Kara
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引用次数: 0

摘要

未成年人恃强凌弱的暴力问题在社会上引起了广泛的讨论。儿童对其同龄人的异常暴力行为的原因绝大多数与肇事者和受害者之间的家庭关系问题有关。对侵犯行为缺乏适当的反应,往往导致青少年的个性被定为犯罪,同时使潜在的欺凌受害者成为受害者。调查显示,未成年人最常在学校和街头遭受欺凌。青少年最主要的活动领域是上学。教育机构,其使命是为学生提供一定的知识,应该更多地关注学生的培养和防止越轨行为。该条审议了最近通过的旨在加强一般教育机构的教育活动,包括防止未成年人中的暴力和欺凌行为的规范性行为。有必要对教师进行培训,以便在现代社会发展条件下开展养育工作,管理儿童集体,实施预防性活动。为了增强普通教育机构的育人作用,有必要修改教师的劳动负荷规范和育人报酬标准。此外,该条还审议了提出一项旨在打击学校欺凌和预防欺凌的法律草案的权宜之计问题,该草案已提交俄罗斯国家杜马,随后由教育部制定为国家防止欺凌方案,并制定了统一的防止欺凌标准和学校对未履行的行政责任。结论是,普通教育机构的预防欺凌工作与不履行预防欺凌措施时的报告和行政责任措施过度统一是不合适的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Prevention of bullying among minors at school
The problems of violence among minors, which takes the form of bullying, are quite actively discussed in society. The causes of deviant violent behaviour of children against their peers are overwhelmingly related to the problems of family bonding of perpetrators and their victims. The lack of an adequate response to aggression often leads to the criminalisation of adolescents’ personalities and, at the same time, to the victimisation of potential victims of bullying. Investigations have shown that minors most often experience bullying at school and in the street. What is the leading area of activity for adolescence, is schooling. Educational institutions, whose vocation is to equip pupils with a certain amount of knowledge, should pay more attention to the upbringing of pupils and the prevention of deviant behaviour. Recently adopted normative acts aimed at intensifying the upbringing activity of general educational institutions, including the prevention of violence, bullying among minors, are considered in the article. It is necessary to establish the training of teachers to carry out the work of upbringing, to manage children’s collective, to implement preventive activities in modern conditions of social development. In order to increase the role of ubringing of general education institutions, it is necessary to revise the norms of teachers’ labour load and criteria for payment of ubringing work. Also, the issues of expediency of introducing a draft law, which would be aimed at combating bullying in schools and bullying prevention, submitted to the State Duma of Russia and subsequently developed by the Ministry of Education as the State Bullying Prevention Programme and creation of the Unified Bullying Prevention Standard and administrative responsibility of schools for their non-fulfilment, are considered in the article. The conclusion is that excessive unification of bullying prevention work of general education institutions with reporting and administrative liability measures in case of non-fulfilment of measures aimed at bullying prevention is not appropriate.
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