在入侵的第一个月,塔斯社和乌克兰信息报对俄乌战争的媒体框架

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摘要

当两个国家发生战争时,这些国家的媒体也通过在内容生产中使用框架来进行战争。本研究的重点是在俄罗斯入侵乌克兰的第一个月,塔斯社和乌克兰信息报对俄乌战争的媒体框架。以框架理论和政治经济学理论为指导,采用描述性内容分析。使用编码表作为数据的工具。在入侵的第一个月,总共发现了1929份报告。调查结果显示,俄罗斯新闻社(Russian News Agency)将乌克兰冲突描述为一次“特殊军事行动”,但并未将“行动”列入媒体议程。这反映在9份报告的低平均每日频率(ADF)上。另一方面,乌克兰新闻社(Ukrinform)将此次行动定性为对乌克兰的“战争”或“入侵”。乌克兰通讯社将该行动列入媒体议程,这反映在53篇报道的高平均每日频率(ADF)上。进一步的调查结果显示,塔斯社和乌克兰新闻社采用的主要框架是对平民、居民区和伤亡人员的袭击。这是为了揭露敌人(俄罗斯或乌克兰政府)犯下的暴行,以赢得支持者的同情或谴责。基于这些发现,本研究建议在战争期间保持媒体独立性。这将使即使是国有新闻机构也有权采用现实主义框架,而不是政治经济框架,这有助于在战争期间挽救生命。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Media Framing Of the Russia-Ukraine War by Tass and Ukrinform during the First Month of the Invasion
When two countries go to war, the media in these countries also go to war through the use of framing in content production. This study focuses on the media framing of the Russia-Ukraine war by the TASS and Ukrinform during the first month of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. A descriptive content analysis guided by framing and political economy theories was used. A coding sheet was used as the instrument of data. A total of 1929 reports were identified during the first month of the invasion. Findings revealed that the Russian News Agency framed the conflict in Ukraine as a ‘special military operation,’ but did not make the ‘operation’ a media agenda. This was reflected in the low Average Daily Frequency (ADF) of 9 reports. On the other hand, the Ukrainian News Agency, Ukrinform framed the operation as a ‘war’ or ‘invasion’ of Ukraine. The Ukrainian News Agency made the operation a media agenda, this was reflected in the high Average Daily Frequency (ADF) of 53 reports. Further findings revealed that the dominant frame employed by the TASS and Ukrinform News Agencies is the attacks on civilians, residential areas and causalities. This was to expose the atrocities committed by the enemy (Russian or Ukrainian government) to either win sympathy or condemnation among supporters. Based on these findings, this study recommends media independence during wars. This will give even the state-owned news agencies the right to employ realist frames which could help save lives during wars and not political economy frames.
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