Anticipating Challenges in Optical Nanobiosensors for Global Detection of Respiratory Viruses and Emerging Threats

Abstract The unprecedented SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has opened huge opportunities for nanostructure-based biosensors focused on timely detection of emerging respiratory viruses, where challenges must address actions for fast response and massive application. Accordingly, we present a comprehensive perspective covering critical aspects of nanomaterials, biofunctionalization strategies, and bioreceptors engineering to increase accuracy, emphasizing optical nanobiosensors. The first biosensing prototype performance reveals the need to consider crucial factors for improvement, such as handling detection in complex matrices, standardization for commercial purposes, portability, integration with artificial intelligence, sustainability, and economic feasibility. By achieving these goals, biosensors would foster a prepared global healthcare landscape.