母乳和母亲的时间:1945年后英国和意大利的育儿建议和需求喂养的概念化

IF 0.8 1区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
Niamh Cullen, Katharina Rowold
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要:本文借鉴儿童保育方面的建议,调查了20世纪英国和意大利从按时钟哺乳到按需哺乳的转变,以证明不仅仅是母亲的身体,也不是她们给孩子喂什么,而是她们的时间受到了政治、医学和文化的关注。比较方法突出了母乳喂养建议的一致性和差异性,阐明了与政治和知识潮流以及社会和经济模式的相互作用。“科学母性”和提倡按时钟喂养在20世纪初在英国和意大利占主导地位,并在法西斯主义规范母乳喂养的倡议下持续存在。然而,一些现存的分歧埋下了1945年后两国更大分歧的种子。在医学、精神分析和女权主义思想的不同交叉点的影响下,这种不平衡的向需求喂养概念的转变在战后的英国慢慢扎根,但在意大利只是在1968年反文化思想的背景下。20世纪70年代,女权主义者认识到在喂养婴儿时平衡母亲和孩子的“权利和义务”的复杂性,这使对话回到了英国和意大利之间的交汇点。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Mothers’ Milk and Mothers’ Time: Childcare Advice and the Conceptualization of Demand Feeding in Post-1945 Britain and Italy
Abstract This article draws on childcare advice to investigate the shift from breastfeeding by the clock to feeding on demand in twentieth-century Britain and Italy, to demonstrate that it was not just mothers’ bodies, nor what they fed their children, but their time that was subject to political, medical, and cultural attention. The comparative approach highlights the convergences and divergences in breastfeeding advice, illuminating the interactions with political and intellectual currents, as much as social and economic patterns. ‘Scientific motherhood’ and the promotion of feeding by the clock dominated in Britain and Italy at the beginning of the century, and persisted under fascist initiatives to regulate breastfeeding. Some existing differences, however, contained the seeds of greater divergence after 1945 in the two countries. Shaped by differing intersections of medical, psychoanalytic, and feminist thinking, the uneven shift to the concept of demand feeding slowly took root in Britain in the post-war period, but in Italy only in the context of 1968 counter-cultural ideas. The 1970s brought the conversation back to a point of convergence between Britain and Italy in the feminist recognition of the complexities of balancing the ‘rights and duties’ of mothers and children when it came to feeding babies.
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来源期刊
Historical Journal
Historical Journal Multiple-
CiteScore
1.30
自引率
12.50%
发文量
39
期刊介绍: The Historical Journal continues to publish papers on all aspects of British, European, and world history since the fifteenth century. The best contemporary scholarship is represented. Contributions come from all parts of the world. The journal aims to publish some thirty-five articles and communications each year and to review recent historical literature, mainly in the form of historiographical reviews and review articles. The journal provides a forum for younger scholars making a distinguished debut as well as publishing the work of historians of established reputation.
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