{"title":"在津巴布韦半干旱地区原地雨水收集系统下微量施用氮肥和牛粪以提高小农耕作系统的玉米产量","authors":"Andrew T. Kugedera, Letticia K. Kokerai","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12071","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Introduction</h3>\n \n <p>Maize production in smallholder farmers located in semiarid areas of Zimbabwe are mainly constrained by soil moisture and nutrient stress. Moisture stress is mainly due to erratic rainfall, high rates of evapotranspiration and limited knowledge of the use of in situ rainwater harvesting (IRWH) techniques. Tied ridges (TRs) are one of the best IRWH techniques which have good potential in mitigating climate change.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\n \n <p>The study used TR, planting pit (PP) and conventional tillage (CT) as main factors and four rates (0, 29.25, 58.5 and 89.5 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>) of nitrogen (N) as subplot factor. Soil organic carbon and available phosphorous were determined using Oslen method where soils were incubated for 2 h at 110°C. Smallholder farmers are limited to apply large quantities of nutrients hence the need for microdosing. The study objective was to evaluate the effects of nutrient microdosing and IRHW techniques on maize grain yield, rainwater use efficiency (RWUE), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and return on investment in semiarid areas of Zimbabwe.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>Interaction of TR and N microdosing significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) improved maize grain yields. IRWH also showed significant effects (<i>p</i> < 0.05) on maize grain yields with a trend: TR > PP > CT. RWUE and NUE were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) improved with the interaction of IRWH and N. Application of 58.5 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> had the highest NUE under TR. TR had the highest (US$1747.23) return on investment when combined with 89.5 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> during 2021/22 cropping season.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\n \n <p>The use of TR and 89.5 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> proved to be a potential strategy in increasing maize grain yields, produce higher return on investment and increase RWUE. The use of TRs and 89.5 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> is recommended because of high maize grain yield, RWUE and return on investment.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12071","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Microdosing of nitrogen fertiliser and cattle manure under in situ rainwater harvesting to improve maize production in smallholder farming system in a semiarid area of Zimbabwe\",\"authors\":\"Andrew T. Kugedera, Letticia K. 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Smallholder farmers are limited to apply large quantities of nutrients hence the need for microdosing. The study objective was to evaluate the effects of nutrient microdosing and IRHW techniques on maize grain yield, rainwater use efficiency (RWUE), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and return on investment in semiarid areas of Zimbabwe.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Results</h3>\\n \\n <p>Interaction of TR and N microdosing significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) improved maize grain yields. IRWH also showed significant effects (<i>p</i> < 0.05) on maize grain yields with a trend: TR > PP > CT. RWUE and NUE were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) improved with the interaction of IRWH and N. Application of 58.5 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> had the highest NUE under TR. TR had the highest (US$1747.23) return on investment when combined with 89.5 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> during 2021/22 cropping season.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\\n \\n <p>The use of TR and 89.5 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> proved to be a potential strategy in increasing maize grain yields, produce higher return on investment and increase RWUE. The use of TRs and 89.5 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> is recommended because of high maize grain yield, RWUE and return on investment.</p>\\n </section>\\n </div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":100834,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment\",\"volume\":\"3 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-09-25\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12071\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sae2.12071\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sae2.12071","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
引言 津巴布韦半干旱地区小农的玉米生产主要受到土壤水分和养分压力的制约。水分胁迫的主要原因是降雨量不稳定、蒸散率高以及对就地雨水收集（IRWH）技术的了解有限。捆绑式山脊（TRs）是最好的就地雨水收集（IRWH）技术之一，在减缓气候变化方面具有良好的潜力。 材料与方法 该研究以田埂、种植坑（PP）和常规耕作（CT）为主要因素，以四种氮（N）添加率（0、29.25、58.5 和 89.5 千克 N ha-1）为次要因素。土壤有机碳和可利用磷的测定采用 Oslen 方法，将土壤在 110°C 温育 2 小时。小农户无法施用大量养分，因此需要微量施肥。研究目的是评估养分微剂量和 IRHW 技术对津巴布韦半干旱地区玉米产量、雨水利用效率（RWUE）、氮利用效率（NUE）和投资回报的影响。 结果 TR 与氮微剂量的交互作用显著提高了玉米籽粒产量（p < 0.05）。IRWH对玉米籽粒产量也有显著影响（p < 0.05），并呈上升趋势：TR > PP > CT。在 IRWH 和氮的交互作用下，RWUE 和 NUE 有明显提高（p < 0.05）。在 TR 条件下，施用 58.5 kg N ha-1 的 NUE 最高。在 2021/22 年种植季，TR 与 89.5 kg N ha-1 组合的投资回报率最高（1747.23 美元）。 结论 事实证明，使用 TR 和 89.5 kg N ha-1 是提高玉米籽粒产量、产生更高的投资回报和增加 RWUE 的潜在策略。建议使用 TRs 和 89.5 kg N ha-1，因为玉米籽粒产量、RWUE 和投资回报率都很高。
Microdosing of nitrogen fertiliser and cattle manure under in situ rainwater harvesting to improve maize production in smallholder farming system in a semiarid area of Zimbabwe
Introduction
Maize production in smallholder farmers located in semiarid areas of Zimbabwe are mainly constrained by soil moisture and nutrient stress. Moisture stress is mainly due to erratic rainfall, high rates of evapotranspiration and limited knowledge of the use of in situ rainwater harvesting (IRWH) techniques. Tied ridges (TRs) are one of the best IRWH techniques which have good potential in mitigating climate change.
Materials and Methods
The study used TR, planting pit (PP) and conventional tillage (CT) as main factors and four rates (0, 29.25, 58.5 and 89.5 kg N ha−1) of nitrogen (N) as subplot factor. Soil organic carbon and available phosphorous were determined using Oslen method where soils were incubated for 2 h at 110°C. Smallholder farmers are limited to apply large quantities of nutrients hence the need for microdosing. The study objective was to evaluate the effects of nutrient microdosing and IRHW techniques on maize grain yield, rainwater use efficiency (RWUE), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and return on investment in semiarid areas of Zimbabwe.
Results
Interaction of TR and N microdosing significantly (p < 0.05) improved maize grain yields. IRWH also showed significant effects (p < 0.05) on maize grain yields with a trend: TR > PP > CT. RWUE and NUE were significantly (p < 0.05) improved with the interaction of IRWH and N. Application of 58.5 kg N ha−1 had the highest NUE under TR. TR had the highest (US$1747.23) return on investment when combined with 89.5 kg N ha−1 during 2021/22 cropping season.
Conclusion
The use of TR and 89.5 kg N ha−1 proved to be a potential strategy in increasing maize grain yields, produce higher return on investment and increase RWUE. The use of TRs and 89.5 kg N ha−1 is recommended because of high maize grain yield, RWUE and return on investment.
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