CANCER STEM CELLS

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are unique cells within tumors that resist standard treatments and initiate tumor formation. Their presence and that of their progenitors contribute to tumor complexity, posing challenges to effective cancer therapies. Nevertheless, research on CSC biology holds promise for targeted therapies and reducing disease recurrence. This review provides a concise overview of CSCs and recent studies to enhance understanding their role in tumor heterogeneity and the tumor microenvironment, thereby advancing cancer research. CSCs exist in various cancers and can self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell types within tumors. These properties make them primary drivers of tumor growth and progression. Importantly, CSCs exhibit inherent resistance to conventional treatments like chemotherapy and radiation, making them formidable obstacles to successful outcomes. Recent studies have shed light on the intricate biology of CSCs, uncovering vulnerabilities and potential targets for novel therapeutic approaches; by specifically targeting CSCs, treatment resistance may be overcome, eliminating cells responsible for tumor initiation and recurrence. The tumor microenvironment, comprising cellular and non-cellular components, is critical in supporting CSCs and promoting tumor growth. CSCs interact with stromal cells, immune cells, and the extracellular matrix, forming a complex network that fosters tumor progression and therapy resistance. Investigating these dynamic interactions is essential for identifying therapeutic targets and interventions that disrupt the supportive environment surrounding CSCs.In conclusion, CSCs present challenges due to treatment resistance and their role in tumor growth. However, ongoing CSC-focused research offers hope for targeted therapies and strategies to prevent disease recurrence. Understanding tumor heterogeneity and the interactions between CSCs and the tumor microenvironment is crucial for advancing cancer research and improving patient outcomes. Unraveling the complexities of CSC biology paves the way for innovative approaches to combat cancer at its core.