气候变化与癌症

Dr Somenath Ghosh, Dr Sanjeev Kumar Jha, Mohamed Osman Elamin Bushara, Dr Asit Kumar, Varsha Umesh Ghate
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摘要

据估计,工业化国家若能解决癌症等非传染性疾病风险因素,就有可能大幅降低过早死亡率,其比例在30%至40%之间。应对气候变化的需求也变得更加紧迫,最近的协议要求到2030年将二氧化碳排放量减少45%,到2050年实现净零排放。这篇文章展示了预防癌症和减缓气候变化是如何很好地协同工作的。这一办法的力量在于,通过协调良好的部门间政策,既能短期改善气候,又能长期造福健康。越来越多的证据表明,包括环境因素在内的几个变量会影响癌症。极端天气条件和全球气温上升增加了对环境致癌物的暴露,降低了空气和水的质量。向环境中排放污染物和有害物质可能导致更高的癌症风险。此外,皮肤癌的发生与不同的天气模式和持续暴露在紫外线下有关。除了造成饮食失衡和减少营养丰富的食物的可得性外,气候变化还扰乱了生态系统,这可能是癌症发展的另一个因素。除了气候变化的影响,近年来,酒精和香烟的使用仍然是癌症病例增加的主要原因。吸烟是肺癌的一个重要危险因素,并且与许多其他癌症有关,如口腔癌、喉癌、食道癌和膀胱癌。同样,饮酒过多会增加患多种癌症的几率,包括肝癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌和食道癌。同时饮酒和吸烟会增加患癌症的几率。本文主要综述了环境致癌物、食品加工、皮肤癌流行、光致癌、全球变暖、空气污染以及减轻癌症的方法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Climate Changes and Cancer
With estimates ranging from 30% to 40%, addressing noncommunicable disease risk factors, such as cancer, industrialized countries has the potential to considerably lower premature mortality. The need to battle climate change has also become more urgent, with recent accords calling for a 45% decrease in CO2 emissions by 2030 and the achievement of net-zero emissions by 2050. The current article shows how cancer prevention and mitigating climate change may work well together. The power of this approach's capacity to produce both short-term climate improvements and long-term health benefits through well-coordinated intersectoral policies. A growing body of evidence indicates that several variables, including environmental factors, affect cancer. Extreme weather conditions and rising global temperatures have increased exposure to environmental carcinogens and lowered air and water quality. Higher cancer risks can result from discharging pollutants and harmful materials into the environment. In addition, skin cancer occurrences have been related to varying weather patterns and continuous exposure to UV light. In addition to producing dietary imbalances and reducing the availability of nutrient-dense food, climate change has also disturbed ecosystems, which may be another factor in cancer development. In addition to the effects of climate change, alcohol, and cigarette use continue to be major contributors to the rise in cancer cases in recent years. Smoking tobacco is a significant risk factor for lung cancer and has been related to many other cancers, such as the mouth, throat, oesophagus, and bladder. Similarly, drinking too much alcohol raises your chance of getting many cancers, including those of the liver, breast, colon, and oesophagus. Alcohol and cigarette usage together can increase the chance of developing cancer. This review focuses on environmental carcinogens, the processing of food, an epidemic of skin cancer, photocarcinogenesis, global warming, air pollution, and methods of mitigating cancer.
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