The Effect of Moderate Intensity Interval Training (MIIT) on Short-Term Memory Function, the Ratio of Neocortical Neurons and Glial Cells, and the Number of Hippocampal Pyknotic Granule Cells in Rats on a High-Calorie Diet

Consumption of a high-calorie diet correlates with increased metabolic disturbances that lead to various organ disorders, including neurodegenerative disease. Women are more susceptible to metabolic disorders due to a high-calorie diet, so they have higher risk factors for neuroinflammation. This study was conducted to explain the effect of Moderate Intensity Interval Training (MIIT) on short-term memory, neocortex glia neuron ratio, and hippocampal pyknotic granule cells in female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) with a high-calorie diet. The Wistar rats used were two months old. The study was conducted for four weeks, preceded by the acclimatization of experimental animals. MIIT intervention in the form of swimming is done every 5 minutes with a rest period of 2.5 minutes with two repetitions. Measurement of short-term memory using Y-maze instrument. Results: Before treatment, the highest average body weight was in groups C, B, and A (p=0.006). After treatment, the highest average body weight was found in groups B, C, and A (p=0.569). The test results of short-term memory measurement using the alternation indicator showed no significant difference between groups in the pre-alternation test (p=0.481). There was a significant difference between groups for the neuron-glia ratio (p=0.370) and the hippocampus of the pyknosis granule cells (p=0.078). In conclusion, there is a significant difference between groups A, B, and C towards the MIIT intervention.