青少年垒球风车投手肘部应力:增加扭矩的预测因子

James L Moeller, Alexander Swantek, Alexander Ziedas, Ahmad Bazzi, Matthew Gasparro, Eric C Makhni
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摘要

目的:利用可穿戴式传感器技术评估年轻女子垒球投手在下手投掷运动中肘部的扭矩,并发现肘部内侧扭矩的预测因素。方法:以12 ~ 18岁以投手为主、积极参加体育运动的女子垒球运动员为研究对象。有投掷臂疼痛、下肢受伤阻碍投球动作或先前手术的球员被排除在外。测量并记录年龄、惯用手、身高、体重和投掷臂尺寸。投手们投了15个球,最大的努力距离是43英尺,每次投球之间休息30到60秒。一个可穿戴传感器被放置在一个记录数据的运动压缩套筒内。测量包括内侧弯头扭矩(牛顿米;NM)、臂速(前臂最大旋转速度;每分钟转数;RPM),臂槽(释放时前臂相对于地面的角度;肩关节旋转(12点钟方向时前臂最大角度;度)。以英里/小时(MPH)为单位的峰值球速度由雷达枪测量。结果:20名女性平均年龄15.2岁(范围12.6-16.9岁),肘关节平均应力为35.5 NM (14-78 NM)。平均手臂速度为583.8 RPM(3502.8度/秒),球速度为33-56英里/小时,平均速度为44.1英里/小时。多变量分析显示,手臂应力与年龄的增加(p值0.00003)和手臂长度的增加(p值0.000006)显著相关;然而,前臂长度增加会降低手臂应力(p值0.00007)。结论:年轻垒球投手肘部内侧有明显的应力。肘关节扭矩与年龄和总臂长增加有关;然而,前臂长度的增加与肘关节扭矩的减少有关。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Elbow stress in youth softball windmill pitchers: predictors of increased torque
Purpose: To assess torque at the elbow in the underhand throwing motion utilizing wearable sensor technology and discover the predictors of medial elbow toque in young female softball pitchers. Methods: Female softball players 12 to 18 years old whose primary position was pitcher and actively participating in sport were studied. Players experiencing throwing arm pain, lower extremity injury hindering pitching motion, or prior surgery were excluded. Age, handedness, height, weight, and throwing arm dimensions were measured and recorded. Pitchers threw 15 pitches, max effort from 43 feet and were given 30 to 60 second rest between pitches. A wearable sensor was placed inside an athletic compression sleeve which recorded data. Measurements included medial elbow torque (Newton-meters; NM), arm speed (peak rotational velocity of the forearm; in rotations per minute; RPM), arm slot (forearm angle in relation to the ground at release; in degrees), and shoulder rotation (maximum forearm angle during the 12 o’clock phase; in degrees). Peak ball velocity in miles per hour (MPH) was measured by a radar gun. Results: Twenty females mean age 15.2 years (range, 12.6-16.9 years) achieved an average elbow stress of 35.5 NM (14-78 NM). Average arm speed measured 583.8 RPM (3502.8 deg/sec) and ball speed ranged from 33-56 mph with an average of 44.1 mph. Multivariate analysis demonstrated arm stress significantly associated with increasing age (P-value 0.00003), and arm length (P-value 0.000006); however, increased forearm length measured a decreased arm stress (P-value 0.00007). Conclusions: There was significant stress measured across the medial elbow in young softball pitchers. Elbow torque was associated with increasing age and total arm length; however, increased forearm length was associated with decreased elbow torque.
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