在十字路口:介绍早期美洲和拉丁美洲殖民地的新作品

IF 1.1 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
Camilla Townsend
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This sixteenth-century version of special forces broke into the houses where they knew other Kalinagos were held, took the people they sought, and then melted away again into the darkness.1 Such an archival drama as this is the stuff of legend, or of Hollywood; it is also the stuff of modern historians' dreams. No story could be more satisfying to most of us than this real-life drama featuring mobile, cosmopolitan, and feisty Indigenous people using the knowledge they had gained from their varied life experiences to empower themselves and their loved ones. Yet if we wish to end the movie that is playing in our mind's eye on a high note, we cannot allow the camera to pull back or waver; we must not let it pick up the dozens, possibly hundreds, of other Kalinagos still in bondage in Puerto Rico, or any of the other enslaved people lying wide-eyed in the darkness, awaiting the horrors that the morrow would bring. Thinking about this wider view may make us uncomfortable. Is it the case that our desire to find a trajectory that demonstrates empowerment may sometimes—just sometimes—interfere with what we call our scholarship? Has the moment perhaps come for us to acknowledge that wider reality more [End Page 207] distinctly and consider how we may want to see our practices evolve to account for it? Most of the authors in this joint issue of the William and Mary Quarterly and the Hispanic American Historical Review, \"Colonial Roots/Routes in North America and Latin America,\" would vote yes. The editors of the Hispanic American Historical Review and the William and Mary Quarterly could not foresee what they would elicit when they released their call for contributions to a joint issue of the two journals. They fielded three panels at the 2019 meeting of the American Society for Ethnohistory (ASE) around the joint issue's theme. The editors simply sought scholars who wished to speak to both early Americanists and Latin Americanists, and given that the chosen venue was the ASE conference, they assumed the study of Indigenous peoples would play an important role. Beyond that, they had no expectations, as the theme was broad. A subset of the original presenters, as well as a few individuals who were solicited later, eventually met online in the spring of 2021 to discuss their fully elaborated papers and consider their collective significance. As the articles were work-shopped, peer reviewed, and revised, it became clear that they shared certain common elements. For about twenty years now, scholars studying the early modern Americas have been partisans of the notion of mobility. We have been interested in the mobility of bodies (the movement of people, both individually and collectively) as well as of psyches (human beings' extraordinary ability to uproot and then successfully reembed themselves elsewhere). 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引用次数: 0

摘要

在十字路口:介绍早期美洲和殖民地拉丁美洲的新作品卡米拉·汤森(传记)波多黎各圣Germán的人们已经入睡了。当时是1581年,他们刚刚将自己刚建立的小镇迁移到内陆,以保护它免受海上袭击。但是,用突然的暴力打破人们睡眠的卡利纳戈斯人是消息灵通的,因为他们中的一个人根据他作为奴隶在城里生活时获得的知识绘制了一幅地图。不久前,他逃了出来,坐着木筏回到了多米尼克岛。现在他带着一些装备精良的弟兄回来了。这支16世纪版本的特种部队闯入了他们知道其他卡利纳戈斯人被关押的房子,带走了他们要找的人,然后又消失在黑暗中像这样的档案剧是传奇或好莱坞的素材;它也是现代历史学家梦寐以求的东西。没有什么故事能比这部真实生活的戏剧更让我们满意了,它讲述了流动的、世界各地的、充满活力的土著人民利用他们从各种生活经历中获得的知识来增强自己和亲人的能力。然而,如果我们希望以一个高音结束正在我们脑海中播放的电影,我们就不能让镜头后退或动摇;我们不能让它把几十个,甚至几百个,仍然在波多黎各被奴役的卡利纳哥斯人,或者任何其他被奴役的人,睁大眼睛躺在黑暗中,等待着明天会带来的恐怖。考虑到这个更广泛的观点可能会让我们感到不舒服。我们想要找到一条证明赋权的轨迹的愿望有时——只是有时——会干扰我们所谓的学术研究吗?也许是时候让我们更清楚地承认这一更广泛的现实,并考虑我们可能希望看到我们的实践如何演变以解释它了?在本期《威廉与玛丽季刊》和《西班牙裔美国人历史评论》联合出版的《北美和拉丁美洲的殖民根源/路线》中,大多数作者都会投赞成票。《西班牙裔美国人历史评论》和《威廉与玛丽季刊》的编辑们在向两家杂志的合刊征集稿件时,没有预料到他们会引起什么反响。他们在2019年美国民族历史学会(ASE)的会议上围绕联合问题的主题派出了三个小组。编辑们只是寻找希望与早期美洲学家和拉丁美洲学家交谈的学者,并且考虑到选择的地点是美洲科学院会议,他们认为土著人民的研究将发挥重要作用。除此之外,他们没有任何期望,因为主题很广泛。最初的演讲者的一部分,以及后来被邀请的一些人,最终在2021年春天在网上见面,讨论了他们全面阐述的论文,并考虑了他们的集体意义。当这些文章被加工、同行评审和修改时,很明显它们具有某些共同的元素。大约二十年来,研究早期现代美洲的学者一直是流动性概念的拥护者。我们一直对身体的移动性(个人和集体的人的运动)和心灵的移动性(人类将自己连根拔起,然后成功地在其他地方重新嵌入自己的非凡能力)感兴趣。我们在先前被认为受地域和文化限制的人群中寻找我们所谓的世界主义。我们探索了新的文化框架和民族身份的创造,这些人的环境促使他们行动起来,或者他们自己选择了新的环境,我们用各种术语来指代这个过程——最常见的是克里奥尔化(如果我们研究散居的非洲人)或民族起源(如果我们研究土著)。只要有可能,我们就把重点放在流动人群颠覆主流群体期望的力量上。我们喜欢把我们学习的时代想象成一个充满活力和令人兴奋的时代,它的全球性……
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
At the Crossroads: Introducing New Work in Early America and Colonial Latin America
At the Crossroads:Introducing New Work in Early America and Colonial Latin America Camilla Townsend (bio) The people of San Germán, Puerto Rico, had gone to sleep for the night. It was 1581, and they had recently relocated their fledgling town inland in an effort to protect it from seaborne attack. But the Kalinagos who broke the people's slumber with sudden violence were well informed, for one of their number had produced a map based on knowledge he acquired while he was living in the town as a slave. He had escaped not long ago and made his way home to the island of Dominica on a raft. Now he had returned with some well-armed brethren. This sixteenth-century version of special forces broke into the houses where they knew other Kalinagos were held, took the people they sought, and then melted away again into the darkness.1 Such an archival drama as this is the stuff of legend, or of Hollywood; it is also the stuff of modern historians' dreams. No story could be more satisfying to most of us than this real-life drama featuring mobile, cosmopolitan, and feisty Indigenous people using the knowledge they had gained from their varied life experiences to empower themselves and their loved ones. Yet if we wish to end the movie that is playing in our mind's eye on a high note, we cannot allow the camera to pull back or waver; we must not let it pick up the dozens, possibly hundreds, of other Kalinagos still in bondage in Puerto Rico, or any of the other enslaved people lying wide-eyed in the darkness, awaiting the horrors that the morrow would bring. Thinking about this wider view may make us uncomfortable. Is it the case that our desire to find a trajectory that demonstrates empowerment may sometimes—just sometimes—interfere with what we call our scholarship? Has the moment perhaps come for us to acknowledge that wider reality more [End Page 207] distinctly and consider how we may want to see our practices evolve to account for it? Most of the authors in this joint issue of the William and Mary Quarterly and the Hispanic American Historical Review, "Colonial Roots/Routes in North America and Latin America," would vote yes. The editors of the Hispanic American Historical Review and the William and Mary Quarterly could not foresee what they would elicit when they released their call for contributions to a joint issue of the two journals. They fielded three panels at the 2019 meeting of the American Society for Ethnohistory (ASE) around the joint issue's theme. The editors simply sought scholars who wished to speak to both early Americanists and Latin Americanists, and given that the chosen venue was the ASE conference, they assumed the study of Indigenous peoples would play an important role. Beyond that, they had no expectations, as the theme was broad. A subset of the original presenters, as well as a few individuals who were solicited later, eventually met online in the spring of 2021 to discuss their fully elaborated papers and consider their collective significance. As the articles were work-shopped, peer reviewed, and revised, it became clear that they shared certain common elements. For about twenty years now, scholars studying the early modern Americas have been partisans of the notion of mobility. We have been interested in the mobility of bodies (the movement of people, both individually and collectively) as well as of psyches (human beings' extraordinary ability to uproot and then successfully reembed themselves elsewhere). We have sought what we called cosmopolitanism among people previously assumed to be place-bound and culture-bound. We have explored the creation of new cultural frameworks and ethnic identities on the part of people whose circumstances pushed them into motion or who themselves chose new circumstances, referring to the process by various terms—most often creolization (if we studied the African diaspora) or ethnogenesis (if we studied the Indigenous). Whenever possible, we have focused on the power of mobile peoples to subvert the expectations of dominant groups. We have loved to envision the era we study as dynamic and exciting, its global...
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