Advances in hydrogen energy conversion of graphdiyne-based materials

Graphdiyne (GDY), a new carbon allotrope containing sp and sp²-hybridized carbon atoms, features the one-atom-thick two-dimensional structure with many unique and promising characteristics, such as highly conjugated and extremely large π structures, abundant carbon chemical bonds, naturally distributed pores, inherent band gap, excellent chemical and mechanical stability, highly uneven distributed surface charges, and can be grown on the surface of arbitrary substrates. GDY has been one of the hottest frontiers in chemistry and material sciences and represents a new development trend and research direction in the development of carbon materials. Owing to the unique characteristics in chemical and electronic structures, GDY has shown great application potentials and prospects in many fields, including catalysis, energy, optoelectronics, life science, and intelligent device. In this review, the structures, synthetic methods, and fundamental properties of GDY are introduced. In particular, the recent advances of GDY and its formed aggregates in hydrogen energy conversion are summarized and discussed.