GREENBOX技术II -温室操作的环境条件、生产力和水消耗的比较

IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q3 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
Ankit Kumar Singh, Boris Bravo-Ureta, Richard McAvoy, Xiusheng Yang
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引用次数: 1

摘要

人口增长、需求增长和城市化加剧了粮食安全压力。我们将GREENBOX与城市作物生产的温室进行了比较。GREENBOX和温室提供了所需的环境条件和全年可比的生物质产量。GREENBOX的性能与城市作物生产的温室相当,但具有更多优势。摘要康涅狄格大学的Yang实验室开发了GREENBOX技术,用于在城市地区种植新鲜农产品,以满足对可持续和本地食品生产日益增长的需求。先前的研究表明,GREENBOX单元可以提供所需的环境条件,以维持中纬度城市仓库环境中的作物生产。本研究比较了GREENBOX与传统温室种植莴苣的环境条件、生产力和耗水量。两个模块化的GREENBOX单元,配备了LED照明,水培生长平台和气候控制,位于温室综合体的高天花板顶棚中,以模拟仓库条件。我们使用了附近一个温室的隔间,这个温室是玻璃幕墙的,配备了辅助照明,并且完全由阿古斯泰坦控制系统控制,以供比较。在美国康涅狄格州斯托尔斯市康涅狄格大学的GREENBOX单元和温室区,分别在春、夏、秋、冬四个30天的周期内种植了48(48)棵Butterhead Rex莴苣(lacuca sativa)。环境变量,包括光线、温度、相对湿度和二氧化碳浓度,以每分钟一次的频率进行测量。采用破坏性和非破坏性方法每3 d采集一次湿重、干重、总叶面积和莴苣头面积的生物量数据。用渗血计记录了耗水量。我们从测量结果中导出了每日光积分(DLI)、叶面积指数(LAI)、比叶面积(SLA)、生产力和每棵生菜头、每单位湿重和每单位干重的用水量。结果采用描述性统计和方差分析进行分析。GREENBOX单元的DLI值明显高于推荐的最小DLI值超过20 mol/m2。d在GREENBOX单位和超过10 mol/m2。D在温室的海湾。GREENBOX单元的日温度变化范围仅为几度,而温室间的日温度变化范围超过20°C。两个种植区的日平均温度均在17-29°C的最佳范围内。两个生长地点的相对湿度主要落在40%-60%的最佳范围内。两个生长地点的平均二氧化碳浓度都略低于350 ppm的环境浓度。测量的参数如LAI、SLA和生产力遵循类似的模式,在季节之间略有不同,在温暖的季节更高。方差分析显示,GREENBOX单元的生产力水平略高于温室区(p=0.16),在温暖的季节更高(春夏两季p=0.72)。GREENBOX每头生菜全年耗水量为1.83-2.69升,而温室包房每头生菜全年耗水量为1.69-3.84升。GREENBOX单元的用水量一直较低。我们发现GREENBOX单元和温室湾提供了相当的环境条件,生物量输出和水消耗。然而,这些变量在GREENBOX单元中更加一致。GREENBOX环境受外界天气影响较小,因此波动较小。与温室相比,GREENBOX的优势在于它不需要耕地或开阔的土地来拦截阳光,可以在仓库等可用的城市建筑中运行。关键词:GREENBOX,温室,生菜,生产力,水利用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
GREENBOX Technology II - Comparison of Environmental Conditions, Productivity, and Water Consumption With Greenhouse Operation
Highlights Increasing population, demand, and urbanization have increased food security pressures. We compared GREENBOX with a greenhouse for urban crop production. GREENBOX and greenhouse provided the required environmental conditions and comparable biomass output year-round. GREENBOX performance is comparable to a greenhouse for urban crop production but with more advantages. Abstract . The Yang Laboratory at the University of Connecticut has developed the GREENBOX technology for growing fresh produce in urban areas to meet the increasing demand for sustainable and local food production. Previous studies have shown that GREENBOX units can provide the desired environmental conditions to sustain crop production in midlatitude urban warehouse environments. This study was conducted to compare the environmental conditions, productivity, and water consumption for growing lettuce between GREENBOX and a conventional greenhouse that has been widely applied for crop production. Two modular GREENBOX units, equipped with LED lighting, hydroponic growing platform, and climate controls, were located in a high ceiling headhouse of a greenhouse complex to mimic warehouse conditions. We used bays in a nearby greenhouse that was glass glazed, equipped with supplemental lighting, and fully controlled by an Argus Titan control system for comparison purposes. Forty-eight (48) heads of Butterhead Rex lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were grown over four 30-day cycles in spring, summer, fall, and winter in the GREENBOX units and the greenhouse bays, respectively, at the University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States. Environmental variables, including light, temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration, were measured at a frequency of every minute. Biomass data of wet weight, dry weight, total leaf area, and lettuce head area were collected using destructive and non-destructive methods every three days. The water consumption rate was logged using a lysimeter. We derived the Daily Light Integral (DLI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Specific Leaf Area (SLA), productivity, and water consumed per lettuce head, per unit wet weight, and per unit dry weight from the measurements. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. The DLI values in the GREENBOX units were significantly higher than the recommended minimum DLI by over 20 mol/m2.d in the GREENBOX units and over 10 mol/m2.d in the greenhouse bays. The range of the daily temperature variation is only a few degrees in the GREENBOX units, while in the greenhouse bays was over 20°C. The average daily temperature in both growing locations fell within the optimal range of 17-29°C for lettuce. The relative humidity inside both growing locations fell primarily within the optimal range of 40%-60%. The mean CO2 concentrations inside both growing locations were slightly lower than the ambient concentration of 350 ppm. Measured parameters such as LAI, SLA, and productivity followed similar patterns, slightly different amongst seasons and higher in warmer seasons. ANOVA revealed a slightly (statistically insignificant) higher level of productivity in the GREENBOX units over the greenhouse bays (p=0.16), with higher values during the warmer seasons (p=0.72 in spring and summer). GREENBOX used 1.83-2.69 L of water per lettuce head, while the greenhouse bays used 1.69-3.84 L of water per lettuce head year-round. The water use was consistently lower in the GREENBOX units. We found that the GREENBOX units and greenhouse bays provided comparable environmental conditions, biomass output, and water consumption. Those variables, however, were more consistent in the GREENBOX units. GREENBOX environment was less affected by outside weather and, therefore, exhibited reduced fluctuations. The GREENBOX is advantageous over the greenhouse as it does not require arable or open land for intercepting sunlight and can be operated in available urban buildings such as warehouses. Keywords: GREENBOX, Greenhouse, Lettuce, Productivity, Water use.
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