GREENBOX技术1 -仓库环境中的技术可行性和性能

IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q3 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
Ankit Kumar Singh, Richard McAvoy, Boris Bravo-Ureta, Xiusheng Yang
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引用次数: 1

摘要

由于人口、需求和城市化的增加,粮食安全面临压力。GREENBOX采用受控环境农业,在仓库环境中进行城市作物生产。GREENBOX全年提供所需的环境条件和可比的生物质产量。GREENBOX技术上适用于城市农作物生产。摘要世界人口激增和城市化加剧了粮食安全和安全压力。因此,有必要提高城市地区的粮食生产能力,以养活不断增长的人口。我们已经开发了GREENBOX技术,在城市仓库环境中的单个气候控制箱中种植蔬菜。GREENBOX是一个标准尺寸的隔热模块化结构,具有人工光源、水培营养供应系统和环境控制。GREENBOX机组可以以不同的数量组合使用,形成不同的配置和生产能力。本研究旨在评估GREENBOX技术在城市地区常见的仓库环境中用于城市作物生产的技术可行性和性能。两个GREENBOX模型单元,由市售部件组成,位于美国康涅狄格州Storrs的实验室温室综合体的高天花板顶棚中,用于研究。在GREENBOX模型单元(每个单元24颗)中种植48(48)颗Butterhead Rex莴苣(Lactuca sativa),生长周期为30天,四季持续。环境数据,包括光线、温度、相对湿度和二氧化碳,使用iPonic传感器以每分钟的频率收集,并处理成15分钟的平均值。利用生物量数据(湿重、干重、总叶面积和莴苣头面积)对作物生长进行量化,每3 d采用破坏性和非破坏性方法。用渗水计测定植物每15分钟的耗水量。我们推导出了每日光照积分(DLI)、叶面积指数(LAI)、比叶面积(SLA)、产量和每头生菜、每单位湿重和每单位干重的耗水量。采用描述性统计对结果进行描述和分析。GREENBOX的DLI在32.48 ~ 37.23 mol/m2之间。d,高于推荐的最低DLI 6.5 ~ 9.7 mol/m2.d。GREENBOX不依赖外部光线,而是完全依靠人工光源,由种植者自行调节。室内平均温度为24.5-26.9°C,处于生菜的最佳温度范围17-29°C。人工光源是维持栽培的热源。全年平均相对湿度为35.53% ~ 58.54%,大多在40% ~ 60%的理想范围内。不同季节,盒子里的二氧化碳浓度在301.39到311.34 ppm之间,略低于350ppm的环境浓度。测量的生长参数,包括LAI (5.3-6.5 cm2/cm2)、SLA (344.3-569.3 cm2/g)和生产力(6.33-7.38 kg/m2),均遵循相似的模式,季节之间略有差异,温暖季节较高。GREENBOX一年四季每棵生菜使用1.83-2.69升的水,比土壤灌溉低95%。无论季节如何,生菜植株都是健康的,在30天的周期内生长到完全大小。我们的研究表明,GREENBOX技术能够在实验仓库结构中为全年种植莴苣作物提供所需的环境条件,因此在中纬度城市环境中具有很高的应用潜力。关键词:农业设施,环境控制,GREENBOX,生菜,都市农业
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
GREENBOX Technology I - Technical Feasibility and Performance in Warehouse Environment
Highlights There are pressures on food security due to increasing population, demand, and urbanization. GREENBOX uses controlled environment agriculture for urban crop production in warehouse settings. GREENBOX provided the required environmental conditions and comparable biomass output year-round. GREENBOX is technically feasible for urban crop production. Abstract. The surging worldwide population and urbanization have increased food security and safety pressures. Therefore, there is a need to increase food production capacity in urban areas to feed this growing population. We have developed the GREENBOX technology to grow vegetables in individual climate-controlled boxes in urban warehouse environments. A GREENBOX is a thermally insulated modular structure of standard size with an artificial lighting source, a hydroponic nutrient supply system, and environmental controls. GREENBOX units can be used together in various numbers to form different configurations and production capacities. This study was conducted to evaluate the technical feasibility and performance of the GREENBOX technology for urban crop production in warehouse settings commonly found in urban areas. Two model GREENBOX units, constructed with commercially available parts, were located in a high-ceiling headhouse of a laboratory greenhouse complex at Storrs, Connecticut, USA, for the study. Forty-eight (48) heads of Butterhead Rex lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were grown in the model GREENBOX units (24 in each) over a 30-day growing cycle for four seasons. Environmental data, including light, temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide, were collected using iPonic sensors at a frequency of every minute and processed to 15-minute averages. Crop growth was quantified with biomass data, which were wet weight, dry weight, total leaf area, and lettuce head area, using destructive and non-destructive methods every three days. A lysimeter was used to determine the water consumption rate by plants every fifteen minutes. We derived the Daily Light Integral (DLI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Specific Leaf Area (SLA), productivity, and water consumed per lettuce head, per unit wet weight, and per unit dry weight. Descriptive statistics were used to describe and analyze the results. The DLI in the GREENBOX ranged between 32.48-37.23 mol/m2.d at the lettuce heads' height, higher than the recommended minimum DLI of 6.5-9.7 mol/m2.d. GREENBOX does not rely on external light but solely on the artificial lighting source, regulated at the grower's discretion. The mean temperatures inside were 24.5-26.9°C, falling within the optimal range of 17-29°C for lettuce. The artificial lighting source was a heat source to sustain cultivation. All year, the average relative humidity was 35.53%-58.54%, mostly within the ideal range of 40%-60%. The CO2 concentration inside the boxes fell slightly below the ambient concentration of 350 ppm, between 301.39 and 311.34 ppm over different seasons. Measured growth parameters, including LAI (5.3-6.5 cm2/cm2), SLA (344.3-569.3 cm2/g), and productivity (6.33-7.38 kg/m2), all followed similar patterns, slightly different amongst seasons and higher in warmer seasons. GREENBOX used 1.83-2.69 liters of water per head of lettuce consistently year-round, 95% lower than soil-based irrigation. Lettuce plants were healthy and grew to full size in the 30-day cycle, regardless of the season. Our study showed that the GREENBOX technology was capable of providing desired environmental conditions for growing lettuce crops all year around in the experimental warehouse structure and consequently having a high potential to be applied in food production in mid-latitude urban settings. Keywords: Agricultural facility, Environmental control, GREENBOX, Lettuce, Urban agriculture.
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