Clinicopathological Characteristics and Survival Outcome in Uterine and Ovarian Carcinosarcomas: A Comparative Study

Objective: Female genital system carcinosarcomas are rare gynecologic diseases that most commonly involve the corpus uteri. This study aimed to investigate the differences between uterine and ovarian carcinosarcomas in terms of histological, clinicopathological, and survival characteristics and evaluate the adjuvant treatment options received by patients, particularly at the sites of the first relapse. Material and Method: This retrospective study was conducted on patients with the diagnosis of uterine carcinosarcomas and ovarian carcinosarcomas treated between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2020. Records of 54 patients (42 patients with uterine carcinosarcoma and 12 patients with ovarian carcinosarcoma) who underwent debulking surgery were analyzed. Results: No difference was found in terms of mean tumor diameter, lymphovascular space invasion, lymph node involvement, and omental assessment. Recurrence occurred in 18 patients with uterine carcinosarcoma and eight patients with ovarian carcinosarcoma. Distant organ metastases such as lung or brain were not detected in any of the patients during the follow-ups. Kaplan'Meier analysis showed that disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in the uterine carcinosarcoma and ovarian carcinosarcoma groups were similar (p=0 .938 for OS and p=0.328 for DFS). Conclusion: Ovarian carcinosarcomas can be seen at an earlier age than uterine carcinosarcomas, and it has fewer signs that may indicate disease. It should be underlined that 41.7% of patients with ovarian carcinosarcoma were in the premenopausal period.