Association between Hospital-acquired Disability and Clinical Outcomes in Older Patients Who Underwent Cardiac Surgical

Objective: This study aimed to clarify the association between hospital-acquired disability (HAD) and prognosis in older patients who underwent cardiac surgery. Methods: This single-center, retrospective, observational study included 141 patients aged ≥65 years who underwent cardiac surgery at our hospital from November 2016 to August 2021. The primary endpoint of this study was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) within 2 years of hospital discharge. HAD was defined as a score of ≤5 on any one of the functional independence measure (FIM) subitems at discharge compared to preoperatively. Results: MACCE was observed in 16.3%, and the incidence of MACCE was significantly higher in the HAD group than that in the non-HAD group (12.1 vs. 34.5%, log-rank, p = 0.003). HAD was also significantly associated with the MACCE (hazard ratio [HD]: 2.575, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.001–9.655, p = 0.046). The incidence rate of HAD was 20.6%, with age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.260, 95% CI: 1.080–1.470, p = 0.004), preoperative short physical performance battery (SPPB) score (OR: 0.462, 95% CI: 0.301–0.708, p <0.001), and postoperative delirium (OR: 6.660, 95% CI: 1.480–30.000, p = 0.014) identified as significant factors. Conclusion: HAD is an independent predictor of MACCE in older patients who underwent cardiac surgery.