酸是天然的吗?

IF 1.8 3区 化学 Q1 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Pieter Thyssen
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引用次数: 0

摘要

酸是自然种类吗?或者它们只是相关种类?尽管酸性一直是化学中最古老、最重要的概念之一,但令人惊讶的是,关于自然种类问题的论述却少之又少。我从微结构本质论的角度来探讨这个问题。在解释了为什么布伦氏酸和路易斯酸都被认为是功能种类之后,我探讨了多重实现和多重确定所带来的挑战。与马纳富(Manafu)和亨德利(Hendry)的观点相反,我认为酸的定型属性不是多重实现的。相反,鉴于布伦司特酸和路易斯酸分别具有等价的质子捐赠和电子接受机制,我证明酸性作为一种性质类型可以与一种独特的微结构性质相鉴别,即 LUMO 或其他低能空轨道的存在。在此过程中,我捍卫了刘易斯理论包含布氏-刘易斯理论的观点,即所有布氏酸也是刘易斯酸。与哈金和张(Chang)的观点相反,我坚持认为不同的酸性概念之间没有交叉,符合层次要求。最后,通过将自然种类描述为强大的对象,并采用处置功能观,我说明了微观本质论者如何理解大多数酸的潜在和关系特性。总之,我认为即使对于微观结构本质论者来说,酸也是真正的自然种类。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Are acids natural kinds?

Are acids natural kinds?

Are acids natural kinds?

Are acids natural kinds? Or are they merely relevant kinds? Although acidity has been one of the oldest and most important concepts in chemistry, surprisingly little ink has been spilled on the natural kind question. I approach the question from the perspective of microstructural essentialism. After explaining why both Brønsted acids and Lewis acids are considered functional kinds, I address the challenges of multiple realization and multiple determination. Contra Manafu and Hendry, I argue that the stereotypical properties of acids are not multiply realized. Instead, given the equivalence between the proton-donating and electron-accepting mechanisms of Brønsted and Lewis, respectively, I show that acidity as a property type can be identified with a unique microstructural property, namely the presence of a LUMO or other low energy empty orbital. In doing so, I defend the view that the Lewis theory encompasses Brønsted–Lowry, and that all Brønsted acids are also Lewis acids. Contra Hacking and Chang, I thus maintain that the different concepts of acidity do not crosscut, and that the hierarchy requirement is met. Finally, by characterizing natural kinds as powerful objects and by adopting a dispositional view of functions, I illustrate how the microessentialist can make sense of the latent and relational character of most acids. In sum, I contend that acids are genuine natural kinds, even for the microstructural essentialist.

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来源期刊
Foundations of Chemistry
Foundations of Chemistry HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE-
自引率
22.20%
发文量
35
期刊介绍: Foundations of Chemistry is an international journal which seeks to provide an interdisciplinary forum where chemists, biochemists, philosophers, historians, educators and sociologists with an interest in foundational issues can discuss conceptual and fundamental issues which relate to the `central science'' of chemistry. Such issues include the autonomous role of chemistry between physics and biology and the question of the reduction of chemistry to quantum mechanics. The journal will publish peer-reviewed academic articles on a wide range of subdisciplines, among others: chemical models, chemical language, metaphors, and theoretical terms; chemical evolution and artificial self-replication; industrial application, environmental concern, and the social and ethical aspects of chemistry''s professionalism; the nature of modeling and the role of instrumentation in chemistry; institutional studies and the nature of explanation in the chemical sciences; theoretical chemistry, molecular structure and chaos; the issue of realism; molecular biology, bio-inorganic chemistry; historical studies on ancient chemistry, medieval chemistry and alchemy; philosophical and historical articles; and material of a didactic nature relating to all topics in the chemical sciences. Foundations of Chemistry plans to feature special issues devoted to particular themes, and will contain book reviews and discussion notes. Audience: chemists, biochemists, philosophers, historians, chemical educators, sociologists, and other scientists with an interest in the foundational issues of science.
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