弗留利平原地下水的可持续性

IF 0.8 Q4 WATER RESOURCES
Luca Zini, Chiara Calligaris, Francesco Treu, Enrico Zavagno, Daniela Iervolino, Federica Lippi
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引用次数: 1

摘要

弗留利-威尼斯-朱利亚(FVG)地区(意大利东北部)的地下水资源在数量、质量和供应便利方面都是一项重要的自然财富。然而,这种最佳条件长期以来一直认为,它允许非理性和不受控制的开发,不可避免地对水资源的可用性产生切实的后果。本研究的目的是评价弗留利-威尼斯-朱利亚地区地下水的可持续利用,旨在为其合理利用提供指导。研究区属于弗留利平原的水文地质盆地,包括威尼托地区和斯洛文尼亚的部分地区。平原地区分为两部分:以潜水含水层为特征的高平原(HP)和以11个承压含水层系统为特征的低平原(LP)。这两个地理地带被弹簧带隔开。为了评价地下水的可利用性,利用Rockworks R14软件,以603口岩石地层井数据为基础,实现了下弗留利平原含水层系统的三维模型。采用克里格地统计学方法制作了等深线和等深图。通过对降水、蒸散发、径流和入渗的计算,评估了地下水流入和流出的收支项(109个降雨站和46个测温站,时间序列1979-2008)。为了更好地确定河流的影响和海上的流出量,考虑了最近一系列关于河流排放和地表提取的调查。为了获得非自然条件下的水预算,如水流,考虑了对每种用途和每个含水层系统的地下水提取进行了评估,从两个地理数据库开始:一个用于家庭用途(50101个估计井),另一个用于工业、农业、养鱼、卫生、地热和其他次要用途(7594个井)。最近几期的取井量以年为基础进行评估,并以m3/s表示。目前估计地下水总取水量为62.4 m3/s,其中LP地区承压含水层系统取水量为41.1 m3/s。超过52%的退出是由于国内井。对于水资源预算,所研究的区域被认为是一个“半封闭的盒子”,其中地下水与邻近地区的共享无关,其中补给主要取决于河流的进水特征、渗透、降雨和灌溉做法。因此,受限LP的水收支等于+2.6 m3/s,代表了精度,对于研究规模来说是可以接受的。回撤实体、泉带流量、潜水水位和承压含水层压力密切相关,处于动态平衡状态。可持续性来自于充值和提取之间的一致性和比例。低压承压含水层取水量占高压回灌水量的23.1%,占泉带回灌水量的30.6%。看到这最后一个不可能进一步减少,除非失去重要的生态系统,很可能认为目前的情况可以定义为极限平衡。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Groundwater sustainability in the Friuli Plain
Groundwater resources in the Friuli Venezia Giulia (FVG) Region (northeast Italy) are an important natural wealth in terms of quantity, quality and ease of supply. This optimal condition, however, has long believed that it allowed an irrational and uncontrolled exploitation that inevitably produced tangible consequences on the water resources availability.The goal of the present research is the evaluation of the sustainable use of the groundwater in the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region aimed at providing guide-lines for its rational use. The study area belongs to the hydrogeological basin of the Friuli Plain and includes part of Veneto Region and Slovenia. The plain area is divided in two parts: the High Plain (HP) characterized by a phreatic aquifer and the Low Plain (LP) where eleven confined aquifer systems were identified. The two physiographic zones are separated by the spring belt. In order to evaluate the groundwater avaliability, a 3D model of the Low Friuli Plain aquifer systems was realized using Rockworks R14 software, starting from 603 lithostratigraphic wells data. Isobath and isopach maps were elaborated using kriging geostatistical method. Precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff and infiltration were calculated to evaluate the inflow and outflow groundwater budget terms (109 rainfall and 46 thermometric stations, time series 1979-2008). To better define the river influences and the outflows at sea, a series of recent surveys on river discharges and surface withdrawals were considered. To obtain the water-budget in non-natural conditions, as the currents, were taken into account the groundwater withdrawals that were evaluated for each type of use and for each aquifer systems, starting from 2 geodatabases: one for the domestic uses (50101 estimated wells) and one for the industrial, agricultural, fish breeding, hygienic, geothermal and other minor uses (7594 wells). Well withdrawals amount were evaluated on annual base for recent periods and expressed as m3/s. The total current estimated groundwater withdrawals reach 62.4 m3/s, of which 41.1 m3/s from the confined aquifer systems in the LP area. More than 52% of the withdrawals are due to the domestic wells. For the water-budget, the studied territory was considered a “semi-closed box” in which groundwater sharings with the neighboring areas are not relevant and where the recharge is mainly due to the influent character of the river, infiltration, rainfall and irrigation practices. As result, the waterbudget for the confined LP is equal to +2.6 m3/s representing the accuracy, fairly acceptable for the scale of the research. Withdrawal entity, spring belt discharge, phreatic levels and confined aquifer’s pressure are closely interdependent and in dynamic equilibrium. The sustainability comes from the consistency and ratio between recharge and withdrawals. The confined aquifer withdrawals in the LP represent the 23.1% of the groundwater recharge coming from the HP and the 30.6% of the spring belt discharge. Seen that this last one can not further decrease, unless loss of important ecosystems, is likely to think that the present situation can be defined of limit equilibrium.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.80
自引率
50.00%
发文量
36
审稿时长
8 weeks
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