现场论的新基础问题

Elton Marques
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摘要

存在主义者——如果她想让她的论文与令人尊敬的逻辑语义原则,即二价性和排除中间性——保持一致——必须对基础问题提供一个令人信服的答案。考虑到这个在古典时代就已经存在的观点,即真理存在于存在之上,永恒论者就利用这个基础问题来指责现在论者不能为有关过去或未来的真理提供充分的基础。为了解决这个问题,许多思想家提出了关于抽象对象的形而上学学说——关于苏格拉底的真理不包括苏格拉底本人,而只包括他的本质或他的存在。另一些人则为未来或过去的真理寻找现在的依据——经济学现场论——而还有一些人否认所讨论的语义传统,或者否认真理是存在的。在这篇文章中,我向现代人提出了一个新的接地问题。在假定时间是无限的情况下,我断言,现在主义者并没有掌握与未来无限遥远的物体有关的真理的基础。此外,我提出了一个类似的论点来反驳“时间主义”,即至少有一些真理是时间索引的论点。为了结束论证阶段,我评估了传统的现在主义观点,这种观点是在上述对该问题的典型版本的一些回应中提出的。其目的是表明,通常的答案不能解决新的接地问题。因此,我的结论是,如果时间是无限的,永恒论更适合为某些真理提供依据。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A new grounding problem for presentism
The presentist — if she wants her thesis to be consistent with venerable logical–semantic principles, namely, bivalence and excluded middle — must provide a convincing answer to the grounding problem. Given the idea — already present in classical antiquity — that truth supervenes on being, the grounding problem is used by the eternalist to accuse the presentist of not being in a position to offer an adequate ground for truths that concern the past or future. To address this problem, many thinkers evoke metaphysical doctrines regarding abstract object — a truth about Socrates does not include Socrates himself but only his essence or haecceity. Others seek present grounds for future or past truths — nomic presentism — while still others deny the semantic traditions in question or deny that truth supervenes on being. In this article, I present a new grounding problem to the presentist. Under the assumption that time is infinite, I claim that the presentist does not have at her disposal the foundations for truths that concern infinitely distant objects in the future. Moreover, I present a similar argument to refute 'temporalism', the thesis that at least some truths are temporally indexed. To conclude the argumentative phase, I evaluate the traditional presentist perspective that was advanced in some of the above responses to the typical versions of the problem. The objective is to show that the usual answers cannot address the new grounding problem. Accordingly, I conclude that eternalism is better positioned to provide a ground for some truths if time is infinite.
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