重新评价欧洲一体化的起源:从战时计划到舒曼计划

IF 0.7 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
Enrico Ciappi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

欧洲煤钢共同体以其创新的超国家特色,被广泛认为是欧洲一体化进程的基石。本文通过强调跨国专业知识和公共外交的作用,提供了欧洲煤钢共同体起源的另一种历史。更准确地说,这项研究试图证明,欧洲煤钢共同体蓝图的策划者让·莫内(Jean Monnet)实施的政策,源自纽约智库外交关系委员会(Council on Foreign Relations)制定的计划。在为罗斯福和杜鲁门政府提供建议的同时,外交关系委员会与拥有相似政治价值观和目标的欧洲政策制定者形成了一个政策网络。尽管这些数字之间的相互作用从未被研究过,但新的发现表明,外交关系委员会与莫内的伙伴关系在改善盟国间的协调、管理战后复苏和构建欧洲统一理念方面发挥了重要作用。最终,外交关系委员会帮助莫内确定、调整并推动了《欧洲煤钢共同体条约》草案。从这个角度来看,第一个欧洲机构的基础源于植根于战时规划和跨大西洋外交交流的长期战略设计。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A Reappraisal of the Origins of European Integration: From Wartime Planning to the Schuman Plan
Thanks to its innovative supranational features, the European Coal and Steel Community is widely recognized as the cornerstone of the European integration process. This article offers an alternative history of the European Coal and Steel Community's origins by highlighting the role of transnational expertise and public diplomacy. More precisely, this study seeks to demonstrate that the policies carried out by Jean Monnet, the mastermind of European Coal and Steel Community's blueprint, originated from the plans elaborated by the New York-based think tank Council on Foreign Relations. While advising the Roosevelt and Truman administrations, the Council on Foreign Relations formed a policy network with European policymakers sharing similar political values and goals. Although the interactions between these figures have never been studied, new findings reveal that the Council on Foreign Relations–Monnet partnership proved instrumental in improving inter-Allied coordination, managing postwar recovery and framing the idea of European unity. Eventually, the Council on Foreign Relations helped Monnet to define, adjust and promote the European Coal and Steel Community Treaty draft. In this perspective, the foundation of the first European institution derived from a long-term strategic design rooted in wartime planning and transatlantic diplomatic exchanges.
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