乌克兰-俄罗斯战争,能源政策和美国的作用

Nika CHITADZE
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摘要

能源因素一直在国际关系中发挥着重要作用,它在维护国家利益和实施许多战略计划方面发挥着重要作用。在以第二次世界大战达到高潮的20世纪上半叶,能源安全的概念与用于军事目的的燃料供应密切相关。20世纪和21世纪头20年能源安全的最大问题是保护石油和天然气的供应和运输。这个问题现在与俄罗斯对乌克兰的侵略有关。考虑美国的能源安全政策的重要性在USA-EU关系的框架下,加强大西洋两岸的美国和欧洲的合作伙伴之间的联系与目的反对俄罗斯的帝国主义的野心,天然气的运输从美国到欧洲和世界其他地区的Russia-Ukraine战争,通过这种方式,减少欧洲对俄罗斯石油和天然气的依赖使得实际问题。对于欧洲国家来说,摆脱俄罗斯的能源影响是非常重要的,迄今为止,俄罗斯正在努力寻找替代的能源进口来源,并在欧盟和其他欧洲国家的能源平衡中增加非传统能源的份额。一方是俄罗斯,为了实现其地缘政治利益,俄罗斯试图最大限度地利用其能源资源。特别是,在对俄罗斯石油和石油产品实施禁运以及俄罗斯对欧盟市场的天然气出口量大幅减少之后,克里姆林宫试图增加对替代市场的石油和天然气出口,首先是中国和印度。不应该忘记的是,2014年,克里米亚半岛被俄罗斯吞并,其中一个原因是那里(在乌克兰的黑海沿岸)蕴藏着重要的页岩气。另一边是美国,近年来一直在密集培育页岩气矿床,密集增加石油产量。然而,值得一提的是,由于欧洲的地理位置,上述自然资源的运输是一个相当有问题的问题。关键词:能源,欧盟,天然气,石油,俄罗斯,安全,跨大西洋纽带,美国
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Ukraine – russia War, Energy Policy and Role of USA
The energy factor has always played a major role in international relations and it is a fact that it implements an important role in the defense of national interests, as well as in the fulfillment of numerous strategic plans. In the first half of the 20th century, which culminated in the Second World War, the concept of energy security was closely linked to the supply of fuel for military purposes. The biggest problem for energy security within the 20th century and the first two decades of the 21st century was the protection of oil and gas supplies and delivery. This problem is now, related to the aggression of Russia against Ukraine. Taking into consideration the importance of the energy security policy of the US in the framework of USA-EU relations and strengthening the Trans-Atlantic links between American and European partners with the purpose to oppose the imperialistic ambitions of Russia, the transportation of natural gas from the US to Europe and other regions of the world in the light of the Russia-Ukraine war and by this way, the reduction of dependence on Russian oil and gas in Europe has made the issue actual. For the European countries, it is important to get away from Russia's energy influence and so far, it is trying to find alternative sources of energy imports and increasing the share of non-traditional sources of energy within the energy balance of the EU and other European states.On one side is Russia, which is trying to maximize its energy resources for the realization of its geopolitical interests. Particularly, after the embargo on Russian oil and oil products and the significant decreasing the volume of Russian gas export to the EU market, Kremlin tries to increase the export of oil and gas to alternative markets, first of all to China and India. It should not be forgotten, that in 2014, the Crimean Peninsula was annexed by Russia, and together with other factors one of the reasons was that there (on the Black Sea coast of Ukraine) are located important deposits of shale gas. On the other side is the United States of America, which has been intensively cultivating the shale gas deposits in recent years and intensively increasing oil production. However, it is worth mentioning that the transportation of the above-mentioned natural resources in Europe is quite a problematic issue due to its geographical location.Keywords: Energy, EU, Gas, Oil, Russia, Security, Trans-Atlantic Links, USA.
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