Optimization of an Environmentally Sustainable HTL-Free Perovskite Solar Cell using SCAPS-1D

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) without a hole transport layer (HTL) are proposed in this study as a more cost-effective and efficient alternative to PSCs with an HTL. The active layer of these cells is CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 . To optimize the performance of the proposed PSC, different materials for Electron Transport Layers (ETLs) were simulated. Additionally, the impact of thickness, doping concentration, and doping concentration profile on device performance was investigated using a 1D-Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator. According to the simulation results, the optimal thicknesses of the ETL and the absorber were 30 nm and 1000 nm respectively, resulting in a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 31.08 %. The proposed HTL-free CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 .-based PSC attained an open circuit voltage of 1.1037 V, a short-circuit current density of 31.749 𝑚𝐴/𝑐𝑚 2 , and a fill factor of 88.7 %. These results may help in the creation of highly effective and reasonably priced solar cells by providing insight into the design and optimization of HTL-free PSCs. Given that it provides a simple and inexpensive method of producing high-performance solar cells, the suggested PSC structure has the potential to be a viable replacement for traditional PSCs with HTL.