Advancing Wearable Electromagnetic Knee Imaging: A Comprehensive Review of Systems, Frameworks, Key Challenges, and Future Directions

The increasing necessity for early detection of knee injuries to prevent extensive ligament damage and costly treatments has prompted the exploration of wearable and portable electromagnetic (EM) imaging systems. These systems offer the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and monitoring of knee injuries and related conditions. However, the successful integration of EM knee imaging technology into clinical practice necessitates a comprehensive understanding of its specific application, the requisite system components, and the existing challenges. This article thoroughly reviews the current state of EM knee imaging technology, with a specific focus on the systems, frameworks, and challenges involved in its translation to practical clinical usage. The review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and engineers engaged in knee imaging research. Furthermore, the review explores potential solutions and ongoing research endeavours to address the outstanding challenges and facilitate the clinical implementation of EM knee imaging.