高等教育中的主动方法论:工程课程背景下的系统映射

ALAN REIS, ALAINA ALVES, EDSON CEZAR WENDLAND
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摘要

摘要:主动学习是一种将学习的重心放在学生身上的教学方式。在有能力的教师的引导下,学生通过发现、调查和问题来学习。一旦学生参与活动,无论是通过研究、小组合作、讨论还是解决问题,这种方法通常会促进更多的内容保留和理解。本研究旨在验证高等教育工程课程中主动学习方法的时间演变,基于文献的系统映射。我们观察了哪些是该领域的主要研究人员,他们的地理位置,以及在这些课程的背景下哪种方法是首选的。从结果来看,我们观察到关于主动学习方法和工程教育的科学出版物有所增长,特别是在分析期间的最后五年(2015年至2020年)。我们还看到各大洲都在进行这一领域的研究,其中以美国和欧洲研究人员领导的研究占主导地位。在地图研究中,倒置课堂和基于问题的学习是最确定的方法。这表明这一领域的教师关心促进高度参与的活动,使个人和专业技能和能力得以发展,甚至在培训期间也是如此。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
ACTIVE METHODOLOGIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A SYSTEMATIC MAPPING IN THE CONTEXT OF ENGINEERING COURSES
ABSTRACT: Active learning is all pedagogical alternatives that place the focus of learning on the students. With the mediation of competent teachers, the students learn by discovery, by investigation, and by problems. Such methodologies commonly promote more content retention and comprehension once the students are engaged in activities, whether through research, group collaborations, discussion, and problem-solving. This work aimed to verify the temporal evolution of active learning methods in higher education Engineering courses, based on a systematic mapping of the literature. We observed which are the main researchers in this field, their geographic location, and which methodologies are preferred in the context of these courses. From the results, we observe a growth in scientific publications on active learning methodologies and Engineering Education, especially in the last five years of the period analysed (between 2015 and 2020). We also see research in this field on all continents, with a predominance of studies led by American and European researchers. In the mapped studies, the inverted classroom and problem-based learning were the most identified methodologies. It indicates a concern of teachers in this area to promote activities with high involvement, which allow the development of personal and professional skills and competencies, even during their training period.
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