L. Summey, J. Zhang, A.K. Landauer, J. Sergay, J. Yang, A. Daul, J. Tao, J. Park, A. McGhee, C. Franck
{"title":"用于软材料和细胞培养系统的开源、原位、中等应变速率拉伸冲击装置","authors":"L. Summey, J. Zhang, A.K. Landauer, J. Sergay, J. Yang, A. Daul, J. Tao, J. Park, A. McGhee, C. Franck","doi":"10.1007/s11340-023-00999-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Intermediate-strain-rate mechanical testing of soft and biological materials is important when designing, measuring, predicting, or manipulating an object or system’s response to common impact scenarios. Open source micro-mechanical test instruments that provide high spatial and temporal resolution volumetric strain field measurements, non-destructive testing and gripping of soft materials with low elastic moduli, programmable strain rates spanning from <span>\\(10^{-6}\\)</span> s<span>\\(^{-1}\\)</span> to <span>\\(10^{2}\\)</span> s<span>\\(^{-1}\\)</span>, and biocompatibility for living cell cultures and tissues in one instrument are lacking in the current literature.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>We introduce a micro-tensile testing device developed to meet all these criteria while being straightforwardly accessible to the end user. This device sits atop an inverted microscope stage, granting the researcher access to 3D spatial resolutions as low as 100 nm and frame rates only limited by the camera speed and availability of recordable photons. The micro-tensile specimen is attached to the test device by a specially designed fixture. This enables a material to be cast into the mold assembly and tested without being manually manipulated before or after testing. The tensile deformation is controlled by two voice-coil linear actuators synchronized to pull a specimen in opposing directions. A field of view focused centrally on the specimen experiences a highly-controllable uniform tensile strain with minimal rigid body motion.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>We validate the resulting in-plane strain fields on a 2D poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate and a heterogeneous polyurethane foam using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and volumetrically on 3D polyacrylamide (PA) hydrogels using Digital Volume Correlation (DVC). High-Rate Volumetric Particle Tracking Microscopy (HR-VPTM) is used to quantify and validate the 3D volumetric strain fields at impact-relevant rates. The device can apply up to 200% engineering strain with peak strain rate up to approximately 240 s<span>\\(^{-1}\\)</span> to a 7 mm long dogbone specimen. Proof-of-concept biocompatibility was tested on 2D and 3D <i>in vitro</i> neural cell cultures, demonstrating the versatility and applicability for both soft materials and living biomaterials.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We demonstrate and validate a versatile micro-tensile impact device for soft materials and <i>in vitro</i> cellular biomechanics investigations. The achievable strain rates for such a design are some of the highest we have found reported to date and enable experiments that replicate the full range of observable large material deformations seen during real-world blunt impacts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":552,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Open Source, In-Situ, Intermediate Strain-Rate Tensile Impact Device for Soft Materials and Cell Culture Systems\",\"authors\":\"L. Summey, J. Zhang, A.K. Landauer, J. Sergay, J. Yang, A. Daul, J. Tao, J. Park, A. McGhee, C. Franck\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s11340-023-00999-y\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Intermediate-strain-rate mechanical testing of soft and biological materials is important when designing, measuring, predicting, or manipulating an object or system’s response to common impact scenarios. Open source micro-mechanical test instruments that provide high spatial and temporal resolution volumetric strain field measurements, non-destructive testing and gripping of soft materials with low elastic moduli, programmable strain rates spanning from <span>\\\\(10^{-6}\\\\)</span> s<span>\\\\(^{-1}\\\\)</span> to <span>\\\\(10^{2}\\\\)</span> s<span>\\\\(^{-1}\\\\)</span>, and biocompatibility for living cell cultures and tissues in one instrument are lacking in the current literature.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>We introduce a micro-tensile testing device developed to meet all these criteria while being straightforwardly accessible to the end user. This device sits atop an inverted microscope stage, granting the researcher access to 3D spatial resolutions as low as 100 nm and frame rates only limited by the camera speed and availability of recordable photons. The micro-tensile specimen is attached to the test device by a specially designed fixture. This enables a material to be cast into the mold assembly and tested without being manually manipulated before or after testing. The tensile deformation is controlled by two voice-coil linear actuators synchronized to pull a specimen in opposing directions. A field of view focused centrally on the specimen experiences a highly-controllable uniform tensile strain with minimal rigid body motion.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>We validate the resulting in-plane strain fields on a 2D poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate and a heterogeneous polyurethane foam using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and volumetrically on 3D polyacrylamide (PA) hydrogels using Digital Volume Correlation (DVC). High-Rate Volumetric Particle Tracking Microscopy (HR-VPTM) is used to quantify and validate the 3D volumetric strain fields at impact-relevant rates. The device can apply up to 200% engineering strain with peak strain rate up to approximately 240 s<span>\\\\(^{-1}\\\\)</span> to a 7 mm long dogbone specimen. Proof-of-concept biocompatibility was tested on 2D and 3D <i>in vitro</i> neural cell cultures, demonstrating the versatility and applicability for both soft materials and living biomaterials.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We demonstrate and validate a versatile micro-tensile impact device for soft materials and <i>in vitro</i> cellular biomechanics investigations. The achievable strain rates for such a design are some of the highest we have found reported to date and enable experiments that replicate the full range of observable large material deformations seen during real-world blunt impacts.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":552,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Experimental Mechanics\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-09-19\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Experimental Mechanics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11340-023-00999-y\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Experimental Mechanics","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11340-023-00999-y","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING","Score":null,"Total":0}
Open Source, In-Situ, Intermediate Strain-Rate Tensile Impact Device for Soft Materials and Cell Culture Systems
Background
Intermediate-strain-rate mechanical testing of soft and biological materials is important when designing, measuring, predicting, or manipulating an object or system’s response to common impact scenarios. Open source micro-mechanical test instruments that provide high spatial and temporal resolution volumetric strain field measurements, non-destructive testing and gripping of soft materials with low elastic moduli, programmable strain rates spanning from \(10^{-6}\) s\(^{-1}\) to \(10^{2}\) s\(^{-1}\), and biocompatibility for living cell cultures and tissues in one instrument are lacking in the current literature.
Methods
We introduce a micro-tensile testing device developed to meet all these criteria while being straightforwardly accessible to the end user. This device sits atop an inverted microscope stage, granting the researcher access to 3D spatial resolutions as low as 100 nm and frame rates only limited by the camera speed and availability of recordable photons. The micro-tensile specimen is attached to the test device by a specially designed fixture. This enables a material to be cast into the mold assembly and tested without being manually manipulated before or after testing. The tensile deformation is controlled by two voice-coil linear actuators synchronized to pull a specimen in opposing directions. A field of view focused centrally on the specimen experiences a highly-controllable uniform tensile strain with minimal rigid body motion.
Results
We validate the resulting in-plane strain fields on a 2D poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate and a heterogeneous polyurethane foam using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and volumetrically on 3D polyacrylamide (PA) hydrogels using Digital Volume Correlation (DVC). High-Rate Volumetric Particle Tracking Microscopy (HR-VPTM) is used to quantify and validate the 3D volumetric strain fields at impact-relevant rates. The device can apply up to 200% engineering strain with peak strain rate up to approximately 240 s\(^{-1}\) to a 7 mm long dogbone specimen. Proof-of-concept biocompatibility was tested on 2D and 3D in vitro neural cell cultures, demonstrating the versatility and applicability for both soft materials and living biomaterials.
Conclusion
We demonstrate and validate a versatile micro-tensile impact device for soft materials and in vitro cellular biomechanics investigations. The achievable strain rates for such a design are some of the highest we have found reported to date and enable experiments that replicate the full range of observable large material deformations seen during real-world blunt impacts.
期刊介绍:
Experimental Mechanics is the official journal of the Society for Experimental Mechanics that publishes papers in all areas of experimentation including its theoretical and computational analysis. The journal covers research in design and implementation of novel or improved experiments to characterize materials, structures and systems. Articles extending the frontiers of experimental mechanics at large and small scales are particularly welcome.
Coverage extends from research in solid and fluids mechanics to fields at the intersection of disciplines including physics, chemistry and biology. Development of new devices and technologies for metrology applications in a wide range of industrial sectors (e.g., manufacturing, high-performance materials, aerospace, information technology, medicine, energy and environmental technologies) is also covered.